The Pivot Points of Alcohol Consumption Control essays

The Pivot Points of Alcohol Consumption Control expositions For a great many years liquor has been viewed by society as an impermanent departure from the real world and the pressures of regular day to day existence. Individuals use liquor to diminish worry, to unwind, and to appreciate a goodbye. This ought to be the genuine motivation behind liquor drinking. This is the manner by which liquor ought to be viewed. There ought to be no purpose behind liquor drinking to be viewed as negative activity. Drinking liquor be that as it may, is in reality viewed as a negative activity by society and the legislature. This isn't a result of the activity drinking liquor itself yet really due to the maltreatment individuals attempt with such an activity. Liquor decreases the capacity of an individual to experience the fundamental and consistently points of view, in such a way hindering an individual affected by liquor to take part in customary and regular occasions. Seemingly, the issue of liquor drinking means probably the biggest danger to human life on the planet. This is because of the high number of fatalities happening from liquor related homicides, battles, and above all auto collisions. Liquor misuse weakens a people capacity to drive a vehicle and subsequently makes basic reason for death from a fender bender. In the United States alone, driving drunk mishaps represent the main source of death among all age gatherings, for the most part in any case, youthful grown-ups and late youngsters. Youth in the United States is experiencing a high number of fatalities and wounds caused from falls, consumes, crashes, suffocating, brutality, self destruction, and harming where the most elevated level of these mishaps are identified with liquor. Because of the way that liquor misuse is such a high reason for horribleness and injury, governments and social orders of nations everywhere throughout the world focus on various strategies and techniques wherein to diminish these deplorable occurrences. The issue is be that as it may, liquor ca n't be totally annulled. Drinking liquor has framed such a huge piece of life... <!

Tree Diagram responses wk 1 dq 1 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tree Diagram reactions wk 1 dq 1 - Coursework Example For this situation, results at every preliminary are fundamentally unrelated and their association is the all inclusive set (Sharma, 2007). While Brenda is directly in recognizing the tree outline as a guide to envisioning results, her definition isn't far reaching. Direct figuring of probabilities is increasingly effective in basic results, for example, single preliminaries. The tree chart is increasingly material in picturing results of different preliminaries. She additionally doesn't unequivocally distinguish the way that tree a chart is appropriate for free preliminaries. A model, like Brenda’s would include free and progressive determination of a ball from a lot of four white balls followed by another choice from a lot of three blue ones. While she shows the primary standards of likelihood, for example, assurance of the likelihood space and added substance and multiplicative principles, Brenda needs adequate numerical terms for conveying her rich information (Sharma, 2007). Tami is explorative of the extent of a tree outline and its job in distinguishing proof of an example space. Her case of conceivable utilization of a tree chart is additionally sufficient. This is on the grounds that it distinguished choice of two things from two totally unrelated sets. A genuine model that compares to Tami’s is a progressive determination of a book from a lot of five books, each with an alternate shading, trailed by choice of a pen from a lot of three distinctively hued pens. Her answer additionally shows a comprehension in assurance of test space from preliminaries. Despite the fact that her reaction is praiseworthy, she neglects to explicitly recognize the freedom property of preliminaries that is a need for utilization of a tree outline (Sharma, 2007). Yvette’s answer that a tree outline is a method of posting prospects of a succession isn't precise. This is a result of two reasons. Initial, a succession may have a solitary result at every preliminary and may not fit

The Modern Rules of the Memo (With Examples)

The Modern Rules of the Memo (With Examples) Whether its called a business memorandum, memoranda, or memo, it is a common form of business communication when the information to be disseminated is informal and not private. According to Business Etiquette for Dummies, 2nd Edition, If you have something confidential to communicate, dont do it in a memo.The purpose of your memoMemos are the typical form of communication used within companies and organizations. Most will be limited to a few paragraphs, but some memos may be longer, depending on their purpose and messaging.In general, a memo is used:to inform others within the company on changes in policies, directives, or procedures.to announce changes in leadership, management structure, team divisions, or workflow.to disseminate information pertaining to meetings and events held within the organization.to introduce new employees, divisions, clients, etc.The format of your memoThe most typical format of interoffice memos is as follows:Heading: (usually MEMORANDUM or MEMO in all cap s, centered, although this format is not required and can vary based on organizational style guides.)To: (Who or which department gets it)From: (Who or which department sent it)Date: (When it was sent)Subject: (Briefly, what its about)(A line generally separates the header from the content, as shown above.)Your introductory paragraph should quickly orient the reader to what the memo is about and how it pertains to them or their department. It should be written succinctly, with as few words as possible to convey the needed message. The rule of thumb is tight, informative sentences.For the body, here are a few pointers:If there are tasks that need to be completed related to the subject of the memo, those can be detailed in the body of the memo.Keep in mind that bullet points are a great way to present most information in a way that can be easily scanned and understood by the reader.Its easier for the human eye to read bullet points than long, overly complicated paragraphs.Include the important details but if there are complex details involved, direct readers to another document (a memo is not really the place for that).Memo example 1MEMORANDUMTo: All departmentsFrom: Dan Lumberg, CEODate: October 1, 2018Subject: Internet use on company timeThis is to remind all employees that Internet use on company time is prohibited. Please refrain from checking your personal email, social media accounts, or messaging platforms while on the clock, unless it is on your break time or lunch time.As noted in the employee handbook, section 2.4., all employees are responsible for:Using on-the-clock hours for company projects only.Limiting their online interactions while on the clock to clients and fellow employees within the company.Applying their break or lunch-time hours to any time spent reading personal email, personal social media accounts, or messages sent for personal use.As always, we appreciate the time and effort you put into all that you do at XYZ Corp and trust that our employees will maintain professional standards at all times while on the clock. If you have questions or concerns about these company policies, please direct them to Megan Smith at ext. 1208.Best regards,Dan Lumberg, CEOMemo example 2MEMORANDUMTo: Executive assistants, all departmentsFrom: Jon BeakerDate: October 1, 2018Subject: Attaching cover sheets to all outgoing faxesIm sending this memo to inform you of recent changes in company procedure related to faxes sent out. We have a new standard cover sheet (Form 12E) that should be used in all outgoing fax transmissions and the old one (Form 12D) should be recycled or discarded.The new cover sheet includes our new company address, along with a legal statement that is required to be attached to all outgoing fax transmissions. Without the use of this new cover sheet, we run the risk of falling out of compliance with our legal directives.This might seem like a small matter but I assure you, it is extremely important. I suggest that you immediately recycle or discard all the old fax cover sheets to avoid confusion. If there are any questions, please contact me at extension 101.Best regards,Jon Beaker

Addressing Employee Stress Creates Sense - 1547 Words

Financially speaking, addressing employee stress makes sense. A PwC investment analysis report from 2014 found initiatives and programs that fostered a resilient and mentally healthy workplace returned $2.30 for every dollar spent. In addition to this financial capital finding, organizational research has demonstrated a positive relationship between employee resilience and performance (Luthans, Avolio, Walumbwa, Li, 2005). The results are clear: many Americans have little difficulty identifying when they are stressed, but are unable to prevent their stress in the first place. Yet business functions suffer from a stressed workforce. So how can we develop workplace resilience? II. How to Develop Workplace Resilience Luthans, Vogelgesang, and Lester (2006) have identified three ways to develop workplace resilience: a risk-focused strategy, an asset-focused strategy, and a process-focused strategy. A risk-focused strategy is aimed at preventing or reducing stress at an organization level. Creating a trustworthy culture is an example of this strategy. An asset-focused strategy is aimed at enhancing personal and organizational resources by, for instance, using continuing education and professional development to invest in employees’ human and social capital. Finally, a process-focused strategy focuses on employees’ cognitive ability. For instance, fostering employee self-efficacy is one means for influencing the way they interpret events and experiences. These three broadShow MoreRelatedThe Link between Empowerment and Emotional Dissonance879 Words   |  3 Pagesimportance of emotion. Lashley hypothetically claimed that the positive feeling that is controlled by the authorized employ ee will support in creating positive feelings in personnel where this could most likely propose some help to personnel, particularly before they get involve to ‘emotional dissonance’. Basically, personnel need to get involve in a specific amount of emotion in order to create the suitable feelings (Conger and Kanungo, 1988, Lashley, 1999) and to follow the necessary job rules (HochschildRead MoreA Research Project On The City Of Kelsey1353 Words   |  6 PagesThe City of Kelsey is in the process of undertaking a sustainability plan for its water system due to the increase of its residents. The efforts of this project rest on the communication and teamwork with addressing issues and concerns from the mayor of Kelsey. The following paper will discuss the concerns that Kelsey’s mayor has with the methods utilized in building effective relationships with teamwork among city employees and with the motives and values with building teamwork. The paper will describeRea d MoreNegative Effects Of Email Overload And The Lean Solution1748 Words   |  7 Pagesto an email the second it arrives (MacNevin, 2007). This disruption is a serious problem for the employee s and company s well-being, costing both valuable resources to manage. Many other companies feel the strain of the overload as well. Daimler, a German auto-maker, went so far as to allow employees to auto-delete incoming email when they are out on vacation so they do not return to the stress of managing an overflowing inbox (Rosen, 2014). ABC Financial Inc. is not alone in battling this issueRead MoreThe Effect of Performance Evaluations on Employee Morale732 Words   |  3 Pagesexcellence. This had the effect of leaving the staff nurse feeling underappreciated and devalued. The fact that the staff nurse felt the nurse managers comments seemed out of the blue attests to this lack of communication. As a result the level of stress and anxiety of the staff nurse has been heightened due to a lack of trust, and communication between the two, which did not appear to be first-rate in the first place, has gotten worse. Moreover, the manner in which the nurse manager leveled her criticismsRead MoreHow Sabbaticals Can Be A Useful Tool For Retaining Productive E mployees1326 Words   |  6 Pagesseventh year the land rests (Levine, 2007). This sabbatical year allows for production to halt and for reflection and rejuvenation to be sown. By allowing the land to rest, it helps sustain fields, create a restored harvest, and cultivate better people. By applying the same concept of the field to the employee, employers need to allow the employee’s productive capacity, brain, and heart to rest while not being exerted in the manner it has been for the previous six years (Page, 2010). The majority of researchRead MoreCirque Du Soleil Case1184 Words   |  5 Pagesand Recommendation In order to attract more talent and increase its employees’ satisfaction along with its commercial success, Cirque will need to change how it manages its culture, talent and growth. It must create and communicate a vision and mission that establishes a shared sense of purpose. And, it must manage its culture through systems that alter and reinforce how employees should think, behave and feel about team work, taking risks, diversity and innovation to further drive its brand andRead MoreThe Ever-changing World of Healthcare Essay1073 Words   |  5 Pagescommunication barriers in the workplace, conversations must occur. Engaging in daily face-to-face meetings with employees increases positive work culture, morale and overall productivity. The problem of poor communication stems from an environment of high stress levels. After a consulting company scrutinized processes throughout the hospital related to care coordination and patient flow, the evidence was clear. The company identified areas for improvement around communication at many different levels. InRead MoreAdult Bullying And The Workplace1555 Words   |  7 Pagesstaggering. Bullying is defined as a combination of verbal abuse and behaviors that are humiliating, threatening, or intimidating and create harm (health, social, or economic) to individuals and may interfere with their productivity at work (Namie, 2007). With a prevalence of bullying taking place in the workplace, it appears that organizations need to better provide a sense of community and psychological support to its employees to address this widespread issue. The appropriate communication withinRead MoreWorking Conditions and Wellness Programs927 Words   |  4 PagesWorking Conditions Do you think an overweight employee who chooses not to participate in a wellness program should be penalized? Yes, an overweight employee that does not participate in a wellness program should be penalized. This is because different studies are showing that these individuals are less productive and will increase the overall costs for health insurance. Evidence of this can be seen in a study that was conducted by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)Read MoreAligning HRM Business strategies1001 Words   |  5 Pagestraditional newspapers, job fairs, employee referrals to more savvier approaches such as social media (facebook, linkedin, twitter ). The recruiting team has recently implemented â€Å"skype interviews† upon casting a wider net to attract talent. They have also formed â€Å"strategic alliances partnerships† with veterans returning from Iraq. Screening: Southwest is an extremely â€Å"personable company†, so the screening team looks for â€Å"people-oriented† that are extroverted with a good-sense of humor. The airline has

The Ways the United States Used its Power to Help Nations Faced with Different Challenges Free Essay Example, 2500 words

The US is helping to curb terrorism, explains how the support offered by the US citizens helped the victims of the tsunami, and demonstrates how the US helped to stabilize the economy of Korea after it collapsed during the world war. This paper also looks at a situation whereby Britain suffered a crisis after the US failed to offer its support. It concludes by looking at how the United States regulates its economy in order to make sure that its citizens are not exploited as it tries to help other nations. Terrorism is a military warfare that is still prevalent today in many parts of the world. Terrorist mainly targets buildings in busy cities, towns and urban centers. The targets (buildings) are highly crowded, where most people carry out their daily operations. On the other hand, highly populated areas are points of attack whether there are existing buildings or not. For example, the United States September 11, 2001 bomb ballast in New York City (World Trade Center), was an ideal t arget for causing panic. Terrorists are pleased when they cause mass panic since this is their ultimate goal; the U. S is more vulnerable to this attack and has a reason to panic (Parker, 2005). We will write a custom essay sample on The Ways the United States Used its Power to Help Nations Faced with Different Challenges or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The restrictions included; denial of financial assistance to terrorist, refusal to support persons who have been involved in terrorist acts, criminalizing terrorist acts, encouraging states to be cooperative and offering assistance on information regarding terrorists. Many nations all over the world have been holding meetings and making attempts to combat terrorism.

History of Management Theory Free Essays

Running Head: HISTORY OF MANAGEMENT THEORY History of Management Theory Troy Thompson 5409 Foxglove Drive, Bossier City, LA 71112 318-918-7413 Troythompson98@yahoo. com MSM 500 May 21, 2010 Class Instructor: Dr. David Bouvin Ellis University Introduction People and processes are the main elements under management purview, and it is interesting to learn how managerial philosophy pertaining to these two elements has evolved from the Industrial Revolution throughout the Progression Era and into the modern workplace. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Management Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now The purpose of this paper will focus on Frederick Taylor’s Scientific Management, also known as the Taylor System, and Elton Mayo’s Human Relations business models and how they relate to this managerial evolution. Both Taylor and Mayo were iconic masterminds who lit the torch of innovative management for America to progress out from days of uncontrolled process variation and unethical human treatment towards a new beginning of quality management and human respect in the workplace. The primary sources examined are Chapter 1 of Frederick Taylor’s The Principles of Scientific Management, and The Encylopedia of the History of American Management, Elton Mayo. Both sources will guide this paper in the direction of modern day relevancy. The Taylor System Before the Taylor System, factories during the Industrial Revolution concentrated on meeting the demand agriculture commerce from both home and abroad (Montagna, 1981). The focus was not necessarily on quality or the treatment of human labor (Montagna, 1981). Instead, the environment reflected heavy-and-go forms of process flow combined with poorly supervised labor. With his engineering mind and passion for efficiency, Taylor responded to these inadequacies and began his efforts of applying mathematics and engineering principles to eliminate unnecessary effort in operations. The Taylor System gave birth to the following management practices: Incentive-Driven work performances, Time-Motion Studies, Centralized Management, Task Specialization, and Quality Control (Taylor, 1911). All these adoptions gave rise to a new management school of thought centered around a more productive work place, which Taylor considered to be â€Å"maximum prosperity† (Taylor, 1911). Taylor firmly believed in developing â€Å"captains of industry† rather than waiting on natural-born leaders to come along (Taylor, 1911). He also recognized a need for more involvement from the supervisors in the workplace to help eliminate what he referred to as soldiering, or, laxed employee output. He said, â€Å"The 30 percent to 100 percent increase in wages which the workmen are able to earn beyond what they receive under the old type of management, coupled with the daily intimate shoulder to shoulder contact with the management, entirely removes all cause for soldiering† (Taylor, 1911). As the turn of the twentieth century neared, the progressive landscape begged for more efficient business practices (The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers, line 16). This was the optimal time for the principles by which operational capacity could be measured, analyzed, streamlined, and controlled to take hold. This system then became a cornerstone on beset of the Great Depression and followed by future management theorists from then on after. One criticism of Scientific Management is that it demanded top-performance in every worker and near perfect throughput on the production line, developing into a quasi authoritarian-style form of bureaucracy. Workers were afraid to out-produce one another on the basis of peer pressure (Taylor, 1911). Taylor’s system was based on good intention, but just lacked understanding of the human side to the workplace. This left room for the work of Elton Mayo to yield fruition. Elton Mayo (Human Relations) Elton Mayo became famous through the Western Electric Company research project. The initial purpose of the project was to find ways to improve worker productivity. He and his team looked at how lighting, rest breaks, room temperature, etc. ffected worker productivity (Mayo, 2006). Through his research, he found a distinct discovery knows as the â€Å"Hawthorne Effect†, which described an increase in output by workers who perceived that they are being watched and studied somehow (Mayo, 2006). Mayo viewed the Hawthorne Effect as a symptom of a bigger issue. He then diverted from his original hypothesis of physical factors to the examination the socio-political factors. What he found was that employees valued acceptance by their peers more than anything else (Mayo, 2006). Also unique about Mayo’s observations was the paradigm-burst that employees were not motivated primarily due to compensation, but were motivated primarily due to job satisfaction; this, of course, was a stark difference in Taylor’s theory that men were motivated best when they were given wages that were commensurate with their skill level. In support of Mayoism, as his principles later became known for, I applaud his principles of human relations that captured the essence of the Progressive Era in that they advanced employee respect in the workplace. Due to his influence, business leaders began to ask the question, what can be done to make our employees happier? New policies were adopted such as exit interviews, participative problem solving, and most novel of all – human relations (Mayo, 2006). Conclusion The essence of Taylor and Mayo’s legacies are of human ingenuity applied to enhance work settings, in terms of both people and processes. The best form of both elements can be seen in today’s business strategy of continuous process improvement, which is a group effort to optimize key processes in an organization. From Six Sigma, to Gantt Charts, to Brainstorming, to Exit Interviews, it is hard to imagine a work setting without the production techniques these two management gurus inspired. For example, the Air Force has embraced a culture of innovation called Air Force Smart Operations for the 21st Century (AFSO21). Through AFSO21, Airmen are encouraged to look at the way they do business and think of ways to make their areas more efficient, more safe, energy-saving, and effective. Many Fortune 500 companies have also incorporated continuous process improvement into their business mantra as a result of business management education guided by the wisdom of Taylor and Mayo. References American Society of Quality. http://www. asq. org/learn-about-quality/history-of-quality/overview/industrial-revolution. html Mayo, G. (2006). In Encyclopedia of the History of American Management. http://www. credoreference. com. libraryproxy. cardean. edu/entry/contham/mayo_george_elton Montagna, J. (1981). The Industrial Revolution. http://www. yale. edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1981/2/81. 02. 06. x. html#c Taylor, F. (1911). The Principles of Scientific Management. New York: Harper Bros. , 1911: 5- 29. http://www. fordham. edu/halsall/mod/1911taylor. html The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers. â€Å"The Progressive Era. † Teaching Eleanor Roosevelt, ed. by Allida Black, June Hopkins, et. al. (Hyde Park, New York: Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site, 2003). http://www. nps. gov/archive/elro/glossary/progressive-era. htm How to cite History of Management Theory, Papers

Service Marketing Organization Theory

Question: Discuss about the Service Marketingfor Organization Theory. Answer: Introduction: The main purpose of this case study is to understand the relevance of QR codes in the service sector. The marketing opportunities and potential advantages of QR codes are also discussed in this study. The perceived risks associated with products for consumers on usage of QR codes with reference to service industry are also discussed in this case study. The future substitutes like AR, NFC, Google goggles or Snap tag for QR codes that can enhance business operations of service sector and customers satisfaction are also discussed in this study. The stage at which customers wanted to get enough information about the products or services they wanted to purchase or use is the significant stage for usage of QR codes in the process of consumers decision making. The knowledge related to products is key element during the consumers decision making and usage of QR codes will be significant for delivering the information according to need (Higgins et al, 2014). QR codes will be able to give enough information about products nature. The product information given by the QR codes is consistent in nature according to information search and also acts as primary method to reduce the risks during the product purchase decision by the consumers. Theories of balance scorecard and marketing mix are also most important factors that give the information related to product or services to the consumers. Balance scorecard will enable consumers about their needs related to products and also suggests appropriate initiatives to purchase the desired products (Babin and Zikmund, 2015). Marketing mix also gives consumers enough knowledge related to products or services they desired to purchase and also provides information related to all qualities of the products with information of manufacturing company as well. There are several marketing business opportunities of QR codes in service sector that helps the business to grow in efficient manner. QR codes can be linked to provide installation information. These can also provides source information related to parts or services that needs to be replaced. These also help in directing to the business operations and also help the companies in hiring professional for business. These codes are also use valuable coupons or special offers for any business to promote products or services in effective manner (Wirtz and Lovelock, 2016). These also provide feedback forms of the customers to effectively improve the quality or issue related to the products or services for the companies. The customer needs to have knowledge related to scan QR codes. The financial companies using QR codes for accessing quick information of customers to give follow up calls regarding sales. Most of the airlines companies are using QR codes as passes for digital boarding. Verizon also using QR codes at its retail stores which allows customers to participate and win smart phones. Marketing mix will help in promoting products or services at efficient locations to different customers (Hunt, 2014). The product factor of marketing mix will provide enough information related to products or services offered by the companies to customers. Ansoffs matrix can also be used for strategically developing business operations for organizations. This provides excellent marketing opportunities to develop the product in efficient manner. QR codes are important aspects in inventory management or manufacturing industry. These help in tracking more products prices and names that can include part number, serial number and other information. QR codes can also be used instead of barcodes as can encode maximum products or components. These codes can easily be read using cell phones or smart phones and not requires scanners to read information. These codes can also save or store large amount of information in terms of URLs, texts and geo coordinates (Klein, 2014). These are also cost effective and enable companies not to purchase scanners to record all inventory transactions in efficient manner. The employees of service industries prefer to use cell phones to scan OR codes as these are convenient and easier to use. These also not require smart phones to be connected with computers to operate business operations for service sector. Porters model will help the service sector in analysing their competitors and will also helps to access the factors that can enable them to achieve desired business growth of companies. Maslows theory also helps the companies to understand the customers desires and on that basis products or services are developed by the companies (Lusch and Vargo, 2014). This theory also makes the service sector to efficiently use the QR codes in order to get competitive advantage in the preset marketing conditions. There are various strategies adopted to attract customers to use QR codes to get information related to products or services. These codes offer interactivities to consumers so that can scan codes for launching advertisements on their phones that can increase potential to interact by clicking to perform several tasks to receive offers or coupons. This makes consumer connected with brand with quick access to all information related to products or services (Kim and Yoon, 2014). The customers who do not have sufficient technological knowledge have the difficulty to understand QR codes and sacking those codes is even difficult task for those customers. These codes need to be easier to san that should not require any guesswork from the consumers. The perceived response of QR can be understood with help of interactivity which includes user control, responsiveness and connectedness and immediately responds on consumers requests. Porters model will help the companies to analyse the threats or new entrants for the QR codes and will enhance business growth for companies by providing relevant information related to products and their significance for the customers. The SWOT and PESTLE analysis will also help service sector to determine risks on products associated with usage of QR codes for the consumers (Baker, 2014). These theories also provide enough business opportunities to service sector by providing quick information o customers using QR codes. There are so many cases associated with erroneous or time placement on misuse of QR codes. AR, NFC, i-Beacons, clickable paper Google goggles, or Snap Tag can be the future substitutes for QR codes that will certainly enhance operations of service sector and at the same time, also able to satisfy all needs of the customers. Snap tags are faster and can store more data than QR codes. Augment Reality (AR) overlays the entire world with content of digitalism (Waters, 2017). AR is mainly live, indirect and direct presentation of physical and real word whose elements augmented with sound, graphics, or video by the computers. Near field communication (NFC) mainly includes NFC chips and mobile devices. This helps in exchanging contact information within the two devices and easier to use. Clickable papers will help the customers to link with different links or social buttons where required information displayed as the image overlaid on the links. The swot analysis and pestle analysis tools of marketing will help the service sector to expand its business operations according to current business environment and will also successful in satisfying all needs related to quality and quantity of the products or services (Hatch and Cunliffe, 2013). The swot analysis will help service sector in analysing internal structure of business and strategies needs to improve business operations. Further, pestle analysis will analyse the external environment for service sector and will help to form strategies or develop such products that can satisfy all needs of the customers. References: Babin, B. and Zikmund, W. (2015) Exploring marketing research.USA: Cengage Learning. Baker, M. (2014) Marketing strategy and management. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Hatch, M. and Cunliffe, A. (2013) Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives.UK: Oxford university press. Higgins, L., Wolf, M. and Wolf, M. (2014) Technological change in the wine market? The role of QR codes and wine apps in consumer wine purchases. Wine Economics and Policy, 3(1), pp.19-27. Hunt, S. (2014) Marketing Theory: Foundations, Controversy, Strategy, and Resource-advantage Theory.UK: Routledge. Kim, E. and Yoon, N. (2014) Perceived QR code technological attributes in the smart shopping context. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 5(4), pp.297-307. Klein, M. (2014) Contribution of QR-Codes to the Marketing Mix A Case Study. Management, 4(3A), pp.1-11. Lusch, R. and Vargo, S. (2014) The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions.UK: Routledge. Waters, J. (2017) Future alternatives to QR codes. [Online]. Available at: https://www.dummies.com/business/marketing/social-media-marketing/future-alternatives-to-qr-codes/ (Accessed: 11 April, 2017). Wirtz, J. and Lovelock, C. (2016) Services marketing: people, technology, strategy.UK: World Scientific Publishing Co Inc.