Essay on Making Sustainability Work in the Business World

Protecting the environment has become an important issue in today’s society. There is no longer any doubt that businesses should consider their social responsibility and the impact of their activities on their stakeholders. In addition, firms are beginning to realize that corporate sustainability can prove to be a win win. There are multiple benefits of sustainability linked to costs, revenues, community relations, and more. The decision to strive for sustainability is obvious, but this process is easier said than done. Developing a sustainability strategy is difficult in itself, but the most challenging factor is the actual implementation. Marc J. Esptein, the author of Making Sustainability Work: Best Practices in Managing and Measuring†¦show more content†¦This framework aspires to improve the company in both sustainability and financial performance. This model identifies the leaders of corporate sustainability performance, the manager’s actions, and the res ults and outcomes of these actions on corporate environmental, social, and financial performance. The framework consists of four main sections. The first part of the framework is the inputs. Inputs influence both leaders’ decisions and the processes that the company uses to improve are sustainability. Inputs can be broken down into external context, internal context, business context and human and financial resources. The second part of the framework is the processes. After leaders have studied the inputs, they have the necessary information to develop the appropriate processes to improve sustainability. These processes include leadership, sustainability strategy, sustainability structure, and sustainability system, programs, and actions. These processes ultimately lead to sustainability performance (good or bad), and stakeholder reactions. These two outputs eventually affect long-term corporate financial performance, which is the final part of the framework. Throughout the framework, there is also a system of feedback loops. Feedback is an essential task that can contribute to constructively challenging and positively changing the strategy. One important thing to take in to accountShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Sustainability On The Business World And Professional Business Communication1253 Words   |  6 PagesHow Sustainability Is Used In the Business World and Professional Business Communication When talking about sustainability numerous people associate it with just protecting the environment. Sustainability is far more than going green, but it is a principle that many companies have adopted and have worked persistently to improve over the last several years. Sustainability is defined as the ability to continue a behavior indeterminately, but it also includes improving human life overall. SustainableRead MoreEnvironmental Scan Essays952 Words   |  4 Pagesopportunities, threats, and trends of the business.    Environmental scanning can be defined as the procedure of collecting, examining, and assigning data for strategic purposes. The finest way to achieve environmental scanning is by generating a SWOTT analysis. A SWOTT analysis is in what way a business can outline the company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, and trends that are significant to the business. The corporate environment of a business makes known much about competitivenessRead More Global Business And Its Sustainability Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pagesglobal business and its sustainability can contribute significantly to present and upcoming accomplishment of organizations. A major success factor for change towards sustainability in corporate world is incorporation of environmental, economic and societal goals. This incorporation is an important achievement, however it require a systematic approach which itself is a major challenge for organizations. Therefore, there is a significant need to acknowledge subject’s related to sustainability, whichRead MoreHow Can Contemporary Society Address Essay961 Words   |  4 Pagescomplex interaction of environmental, social, and economic force that factors and currently limiting the sustainability of business enterprises around the world, a clear gap created among the â€Å"words† and â€Å"action†, according to the latest global information? How can federal and state agencies break down silos and w ork together to pursue sustainability? What is the preferred model for business-government collaboration and engagement with civil society and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)? We raiseRead MoreThe And Human Impact On Society1732 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironmental responsibilities of a business. On the other hand, financial reporting along with sustainability reporting interconnects these responsibilities, and offers more comprehensive information about the financial and human impact on society. Sustainability reporting discloses other relevant information about a company that financial reporting lacks. Currently, laws and regulations are not designed with policies and procedures to accommodate sustainability reporting. In order for companies toRead MoreThe Environment Pays Back1108 Words   |  5 Pages​Obviously, today’s world is on a steady decline. Countries are not able to keep up with their growing populations. Natural resources are being used up at a rate unsustainable for future generations. The ozone layer is continuously deteriorating as the rate of carbon dioxide emissions rises. Environmental groups and human rights activists alike fight for change in these trends every day, urging companies and people to ration the supplies they use up. So, who can turn this doomed world around? AccordingRead MoreSustainability : A Long And Mixed History Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesDue to the environmental pollution caused by transportation, there are endless increasing problems of waste disposal and many other problems that the world faces. It has been suggested that businesses require re-thinking and thus each business should apply the concept of sustainability which is a common term used in business ethics. Sustainability has a long and mixed history due to its importance (Crane and Matten, 2007). Sustainable development recognizes the importance of economic wealth, environmentalRead MoreUnilever : A Competitive And Volatile Environment840 Words   |  4 Pagesprofitability. Legal requirements, technical changes, and change in the habits of the customers have created problems for businesses. Companies, including us, have to be updated, and continuous RD is the key solution to many of our problems. An attractive business is one with higher margins and low competitions. Therefore, if the environment where we operate is with higher level of competition and low level of profit margins, our best strategy is to keep customers satisfied and loyal, continuous RD, costRead MoreHow Business Is Not Sustainable909 Words   |  4 PagesEvery business is initiated and run with the aim of making profits. As such, every employer must compel his or her employees to work hard to ensure that the business objectives are achieved. Additionally, every business, whether big or small in size have c ome to the realization that the traditional methods that were used to measure the performance of the business contribute little in matters of the shareholders. Notably, much of the decisions and the policies were meant to ensure that the companyRead MoreThe Sustainability Strategy of Virgin Groups Corporate1497 Words   |  6 Pagesmake sustainability a mainstream issue. â€Å"The goal of sustainable development is to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.† (G3.1 Guidelines, 2011, p4) This study report on a survey of the Virgin Groups sustainability report that summarize the Virgin companies’ sustainability strategy, evaluating the sustainability report based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) principle, to comment performance indicators and making recommendations

the letter a as a symbol in the scarlet letter Essay

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout the novel The Scarlet Letter there are many symbols. One of the biggest symbols of the novel is the scarlet letter A that Hester Prynne is sentenced to wear after she commits adultery. It is a symbol that is sewn onto her clothes for everyone to see. It is a punishment that is meant to humiliate her for the duration of the time that she stays in Puritanical Boston. During the novel, the scarlet letter changes and evolves from meaning adultery to meaning ability and even physically changes its form. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the beginning of the story, Hester is being punished for adultery, and is forced to wear the letter A on her bosom. It is shown so that people will know her as an†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Individuals...had quite forgiven Hester Prynne...It is our Hester, the town’s own Hester, who is so kind to the poor, so helpful to the sick...† (149). Hester is protected from all evil that might be around her, and â€Å"had the effect of the cross on a nun’s bosom† (149). The letter became a symbol of love and respect, and meant something good. Hester is able to deal with the townspeople, and they see her and have a new liking for her. They seem to forgive her for everything that she has done, like it doesnt matter, or it never happened. If Hester ran away from Boston, it would have shown her weakness. It would have shown that people of the town had power over her, and could make her feel guilty. Running away would show everybody t hat she was ashamed, and wasnt really good enough to live among them. Staying in Boston showed the townspeople that she was able to overcome her shame and that adultery is a part of who she is as a person. By accepting her adultery Hester is able to move on, having learned from her experiences. At one point Hester says: â€Å"Were I to be quit of it, it would fall away of its own nature, or be transformed into something that should speak of a different purport† (155). This foreshadows that the letter A might show up in new ways. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The letter A shows up numerous times in The Scarlet Letter in many different ways. The letter is originally wonderfullyShow MoreRelatedSymbols In The Scarlet Letter1023 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish Language and Composition AP 06 June 2017 The Scarlet Letter Analysis In the book, â€Å"The Scarlet Letter,† by Nathaniel Hawthorne, many symbols can be found. Hawthorne uses symbols such as the scarlet letter itself, which could represent things like determination, hard work, and a punishment. Another symbol he uses is the forest and the wilderness, which represents Hester and Pearl’s freedom from society as they explore the forest. The last symbol that seemed to have significance to me was Hester’sRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter List of Symbols946 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿The Scarlet Letter List of Symbols Scaffold- The scaffold is a place where most of the important scenes in the Scarlet Letter take place. It was placed under Boston’s earliest church and was made of wood and iron. The scaffold is a place of shame and punishment for anyone in the community that commits a sin. It is the most public place in the Puritan society and used for torture of the sinners as they walk up the steps and stand there for hours at a time. In the beginning it is where Hester isRead More Symbols in The Scarlet Letter Essay1814 Words   |  8 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Symbols unlock the secrets of a story. Hawthorne, in The Scarlet Letter, uses many symbols to represent different things. Some symbols represent the same thing. The letter â€Å"A† has many meanings, each character has their own meanings, and even the different parts of nature are symbols. Also, apart from providing structure for the novel, each scaffold scene conveys something different. One could say, arguably, that nearly everything in The Scarlet Letter is a symbol for something else.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  InRead MoreLetter And Symbols In Hester Prynnes The Scarlet Letter963 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause she committed adultery beautifully. There are many symbols in the novel. The most obvious one being the letter itself. While the letter clearly represents the sin Hester committed, it later begins to represent a persons ability to change the meaning behind a terrible mishap. The scarlet letter is so beautifully embroidered onto Hesters clothing that Pearl admires the beauty of the embroidered letter, and it soon becomes a symbol of triumph as Hester defies odds because she is able to proveRead More Symbols and Symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter1157 Words   |  5 PagesSymbols in The Scarlet Letter      Ã‚   In nearly every work of literature, readers can find symbols that represent feelings, thoughts or ideas within the text.   Such symbols can be found in The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne.   Hawthornes book about an affair between a woman named Hester and a minister named Arthur Dimmmesdale is full of feelings of sin, guilt, hate, secrecy, and honesty.   There are many symbols within the novel that can be interpreted to represent the key topicsRead More Symbols and Symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter1178 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism   in The Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne isnt noted for perfecting any famous literary style, for writing multiple best sellers, or even for contributing largely to classic American literature.   His only real claim to fame is The Scarlet Letter: a novel that was originally only meant to be yet another Hawthorne short story.   Because of this, it actually possesses many short story characteristics.   It is simpler and more complete than his other novels. (James 285)   It also hasRead More Symbols and Symbolism in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Essay2336 Words   |  10 PagesThe Scarlet Letter. I. Symbolism A. Definition B. Style II. Symbolism in characters A. Hester B. Dimmesdale C. Chillingworth D. Pearl III. Symbolism in objects A. The scarlet letter B. The scaffold C. The forest D. The brook IV. Symbolic relations between characters and objects A. Characters and the scarlet letter B. Characters and the scaffold C. Pearl and the forest Nathaniel Hawthorne used symbolism to bring meaning into his book The Scarlet LetterRead MoreCharacters And Symbols In The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1077 Words   |  5 Pagescommits very offensive and think she should receive a harsh punishment. The letter â€Å"A† represents her sin called adultery, but by the end of the book the letter â€Å"A† changes meanings. The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne presents many symbols representing multiple characters and locations in the book. Throughout the book the meaning of the letter â€Å"A† starts to gradually change. As time passes the meaning of the letter â€Å"A† changes the way Hester views herself. Hester Prynne marries an older manRead More##bolism And Symbols In The Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1107 Words   |  5 Pagesnovel The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, there are many symbols, from objects to the characters in the story. These symbols are integral to helping give the reader a deeper look into the story. The Scarlet Letter, a story of love and sin, uses its symbols to give the reader a better understanding of the characters and events that take place. These symbols all hold important meanings; however, some of these meanings change depending on which character is interacting with said symbol. DependingRead MoreThe Symbol of Guilt in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter1835 Words   |  8 PagesThe scarlet letter is a symbol of guilt with the power to transform not only its wearer, but everyone involved in its inaugural scandal. Pearl and the lette r share a certain relationship, and at times seem to mirror each other, as they exhibit similar tendencies. As children of indignity alike, they unconsciously serve as emotional grim reapers, and together, they unwillingly carry out the supernatural mandate of punishment rationed to them through sadistic and demoniac means. Because the two chosen

BiographyWilliam Shakespeare Essay Research Paper Biography William free essay sample

Biography: William Shakespeare Essay, Research Paper Biography: William Shakespeare William Shakespeare, dramatist, whose work stands to be the most translated non-religious literature of all time was born on April 23rd, 1564 and was baptized the twenty-four hours after in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. He was the 3rd of eight kids born into the household of John Shakespeare-a good known merchandiser, and Mary Arden. Bing the eldest boy, following the imposts of the clip, Shakespeare should hold followed in the footfalls of his male parent but alternatively after having an instruction at the local grammar school he either was apprenticed to a meatman or became a headmaster. Small is known for certain about Shakespeare? s young person but some historiographers believe he was given much clip to prosecute leisure activities due to the images of runing and peddling which appear more often in his plants than other dramatists of that epoch. At the age of 18, William Shakespeare took the 26 twelvemonth old Anne Hathaway to be his wife-presumably because Anne was four months pregnant. We will write a custom essay sample on BiographyWilliam Shakespeare Essay Research Paper Biography William or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Five months after the headlong matrimony of November 1582, Susanna was born to them. Two old ages subsequently William? s married woman underwent childbearing once more, this clip giving life to a set of twins ( male child and miss ) named Hamnet and Judith. Unfortunately Hamnet would go through away before turning twelve go forthing S hakespeare with no male posterities. Leaving the married woman and kids behind in 1588, the dramatist moved to London and began to prosecute a calling in theater. By 1592 his name had become platitude as an histrion and author of dramas. Though considered a gifted and popular Renaissance poet with the publication of Venus and Adonis ( 1593 ) and the Rape of Lucrece ( 1594 ) and legion sonnets ( 1609 ) it is non for his verse forms but his creative activities in the field of play that have kept Shakespeare universe renowned. In working for the Lord Chamberlain? s Work force or King? s Men Shakespeare wrote 38 known dramas performed in the Globe Theatre and Blackfriars. It is believed by some that Shakespeare? s quill wrote more chef-doeuvres that were lost in the fire that destroyed the Globe. In 1608, Shakespeare lessened his dramatic production and retired to Stratford-upon-Avon with his household and he passed off on April 23rd, 1616. William Shakespeare is most celebrated for the undermentioned dramas: A Midsummer Ni ght? s Dream, Romeo and Juliet ; Merchant of Venice ; Twelfth Night, Henry V, Hamlet, Julius Caesar, King Lear, Othello and Macbeth. He besides contributed a figure of phrases to the English linguistic communication such as: just drama, a foregone decision, scandalous, behavior, bump and lonely, and with that in head it is without a uncertainty that Shakespeare has had an feeling on all anglophones since his clip.

Yeats Presentation of Romantic Ireland in September 1913 Essay Example

Yeats Presentation of Romantic Ireland in September 1913 Essay â€Å"Romantic Ireland’s dead and gone, It’s with O’Leary in the grave. † Discuss ways in which Yeats presents the Romantic in ‘September 1913’. Yeats presents the Romantic in ‘September 1913’ in such a way that it is no longer there, but also that there is a chance for the Romantic to be saved and brought back to Ireland. â€Å"Yeats saw literature and politics as intertwined,† Yeats used ‘September 1913’ as a political, as well as cultural, message to get across his views on the state of Ireland and its culture. ‘September 1931’ cane be said to be a response to mercenary employers who locker their workers out in the General Strike of 1913. It could also refer to the refusal of commercial interests to support Yeats’ appeal for money to build an art gallery to house the Lane Collection. Yeats makes explicit links between his political and cultural concerns. I believe that by ‘Romantic Ireland’ Yeats meant an Ireland that is not dominated by power and money. A critic wrote of Yeats that â€Å"For him ‘Romantic Ireland’ meant that large-minded attitude beyond the mere calculation of economic or political advantage that he saw in the present,† This attitude for Yeats was incarnated in his sometime Fenian mentor John O’Leary. John O’Leary (1830-1907) a dignified and well-read man represented Yeats’ vision of the ideal romantic nationalist. We will write a custom essay sample on Yeats Presentation of Romantic Ireland in September 1913 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Yeats Presentation of Romantic Ireland in September 1913 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Yeats Presentation of Romantic Ireland in September 1913 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He was a Fenian who introduced Yeats to Irish writing in translation and also taught him that â€Å"there is no fine nationality without literature, and†¦ the converse also, that there is no fine literature without nationality,† The first stanza of ‘September 1913’ focuses on the pursuit of money. â€Å"But fumble in a greasy till. And add the halfpence to the pence. Yeats is talking about the employers in their relentless pursuit of money, and how they are petty for being interested in such a small amount of money. This creates an image of Ireland that is negative, where Ireland is dominated by power and greed. This use of imagery reinforces Yeats’ point that â€Å"Romantic Irelands dead and gone†. Yeats then links money to religion and how their beliefs are a false front, â€Å"And prayer to shivering prayer,† Prayer should be warm if genuine, so use of the word â€Å"shivering† implies that they are doing it out of fear, or perhaps even desperation to further their own gain and wealth. The last two lines are the first time we see use of the word Romantic, â€Å"Romantic Irelands dead and gone, Its with O’Leary in the grave. † Yeats strongly believed in Irish culture and folklore and here he admits that they have been lost in the minds of the people. The second stanza immediately changes tone, becoming retrospective. â€Å"Yet they were of a different kind, The names that stilled your childish play,† Yeats believes that merchants have forgotten their origins, as if they are playing pretend just as children do. Yeats then writes how Irish Patriots have become known around the world, â€Å"They have gone about the world like wind,† Yeats could also mean that even thought they are dead and buried, their beliefs and messages are still remembered by people around the world, and also in Ireland. Yeats foreshadows the death of the Patriots, which is the focus of the next stanza. â€Å"For whom the hangman’s rope was spun,† Using the words â€Å"hangman’s rope† creates a strong visual image of death and sacrifice. This use of imagery is to remind the people of Ireland what was sacrificed in an attempt to resurrect Romantic Ireland. Yeats the bitterly comments on what the Patriots achieved, that their sacrifice was possibly in vain. â€Å"And what, God help us, could they save? † At the beginning of the third stanza, Yeats mentions the Irish soldiers. â€Å"Was it for this the wild geese spread† After the penal Laws of 1691 prevented many Irishmen serving in the British Army, Irish soldiers known as ‘Wild Geese’ served abroad in European Armies. Yeats then directly mentions the Irish Patriots. â€Å"For this that all that blood was shed, For this that Edward Fitzgerald died, and Robert Emmet and Wolfe Tone,† This is important to the presentation of Romantic in the poem, as Yeats would have seen the Patriots as a symbol of free Ireland, and therefore a symbol of Romantic Ireland. Yeats implies madness and idealism in the next line, suggesting that the Patriots were blinded by their ideals, â€Å"All that delirium of the brave? In the final stanza Yeats is regretful, that even though people laid down their lives, nothing was achieved. â€Å"They weighed so lightly what they gave† This refers to how people, such as the Irish Patriots Yeats saw as a symbol of Romantic Ireland, saw their lives as nothing compared to what they fought for. Overall Yeats presents the Romantic as gone, and that all the efforts were wasted and useless. He continues this through the first three stanzas, but then almost seems to change his mind in the last stanza. But let them be, they’re dead and gone, They’re with O’Leary in the grave. † It is as if Yeats is saying that even though the Patriots themselves are dead, their beliefs and ideals can be picked up and continued by a new generation of heroes. However it can also be said that Yeats has given up, after seeing how much was given to achieve so little, and that he believes that Romantic Ireland is truly lost and that there is no way to bring it back.

The Most Common Place Names in America

The Most Common Place Names in America Is there a place name that exists in all 50  U.S.  states? It depends on what you count as a city, town, or village- for example, whether a township name counts as a town and whether youll count county names as well, as they also contain populations. Sources vary widely as to what is the most prolific place name throughout the United States. This piece follows World Atlass numbers for count and MSN for the largest city with that name. Washington (88) Although Springfield is commonly thought of as the most prolific place name in the United States, Washington is the most common, according to World Atlas, with 88 place names. There are even more if you count places where Washington is only a portion of the name. Springfield (41) Springfield is in second place, coming in with 41 cities and towns named it, the first being in Massachusetts, naturally, in 1636, after a city in England. Its a long-running debate among fans of the animated TV series The Simpsons as to which state the family actually lives in, because Springfields are seemingly everywhere and the TV series makes a point never to specify which state theyre in. Franklin (35) In third place is Franklin, with 35 cities and towns named after founding father Benjamin Franklin, who was integral in the Declaration of Independence, served as an ambassador to France, and helped establish the U.S. Postal Service. The most populous Franklin city is in Tennessee and has  68,549 residents as of 2017. Greenville (31) A lot of city and town founders must have enjoyed the scenery where they put down roots, as the name Greenville is next, with 31 U.S. instances. The name appears coast to coast. One of the first founded was in South Carolina,  in 1786. Bristol (29) If there are any city names that sound as if it were plucked straight out of Britain, the place name of Bristol has to be at the top of that list. It has 29 cities and towns named after it in the United States, and in Britain, its historically been a commercial center and important seaport. Clinton (29) The first tie on the list comes up here, with the moniker of Clinton also notching 29 instances in the United States. New York state alone has three Clinton place names, the village, town,  and county of. The most populous city by that name is in Maryland, with more than 39,000 inhabitants, and the city in Arkansas wasnt named after its governor turned president but after New York governor DeWitt Clinton. Fairview (27) Fairview might be popular around the country as a name, but the cities across the United States must be fairly small if the most populous is the one in New Jersey at just over 14,000 residents. Founders of these cities must have liked the scenery around their location and realized that the name Greenville was already taken. Salem (26) Of the 26 Salems in the country, the one in  Massachusetts is where the infamous 1692 witch trials were.  The city in Oregon is the largest, though, coming in at just over  160,000 in population. Madison (24) Known for his work on  US Constitution and the Bill of Rights, fourth president James Madison has 24 place names sprinkled throughout the United States that carry his surname. The largest city is the capital of Wisconsin, which has  243,122  people living there. Georgetown (23)   Being that Washington is tops, its no surprise that George towns  also make this list. The United States has 23 Georgetowns, in fact, though some could have been named for other Georges or even the former king of England. Georgetown, Texas, is the largest city, with a population of  56,102.

Biography of Amedeo Avogadro, Italian Scientist

Biography of Amedeo Avogadro, Italian Scientist Amedeo Avogadro (August 9, 1776–July 9, 1856) was an Italian scientist known for his research on gas volume, pressure, and temperature. He formulated the gas law known as Avogadros law, which states that all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules per volume. Today, Avogadro is considered an important early figure in atomic theory. Fast Facts: Amedeo Avogadro Known For: Formulating the experimental gas law known as Avogadros lawBorn: August 9, 1776 in Turin, ItalyDied: July 9, 1956 in Turin, ItalyPublished Works: Essai dune manià ¨re de dà ©terminer les masses relatives des molà ©cules à ©là ©mentaires des corps, et les proportions selon lesquelles elles entrent dans ces combinaisons  (Essay on Determining the Relative Masses of the Elementary Molecules of Bodies and the Proportions by Which They Enter These Combinations)Spouse: Felicita Mazzà ©Children: Six Early Life Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro was born into a family of distinguished Italian lawyers in 1776. Following in his familys footsteps, he studied ecclesiastical law and began to practice on his own before eventually turning his attention to the natural sciences. In 1800, Avogadro began private studies in physics and mathematics. His very first experiments were conducted with his brother on the subject of electricity. Career In 1809, Avogadro started teaching the natural sciences in a liceo (high school) in Vericelli. It was in Vericelli, while experimenting with gas densities, that Avogadro noticed something surprising: the combination of two volumes of hydrogen gas with one volume of oxygen gas produced two volumes of water vapor. Given the understanding of gas densities at the time, Avogadro had expected the reaction to produce only one volume of water vapor. That the experiment produced two lead him to surmise that oxygen particles consisted of two atoms (he actually used the word molecule). In his writings, Avogadro referred to three different types of molecules: integral molecules (most similar to what scientists call molecules today), constituent molecules (those that are part of an element), and elementary molecules (similar to what scientists now call atoms). His study of such elementary particles was highly influential in the field of atomic theory. Avogadro was not alone in his study of gases and molecules. Two other scientists- English chemist John Dalton and French chemist Joseph Gay-Lussac- were also exploring these topics around the same time, and their work had a strong influence on him. Dalton is best remembered for articulating the basics of atomic theory- that all matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. Gay-Lussac is best remembered for his eponymous gas pressure-temperature law. Avogadro wrote a memoria (concise note) in which he described the experimental gas law that now bears his name. He sent this memoria to De Lamà ©theries Journal de Physique, de Chemie et dHistoire naturelle, and it was published in the July 14, 1811 issue. Though his discovery is now considered a foundational aspect of chemistry, it did not receive much notice in his time. Some historians believe that Avogadros work was overlooked because the scientist worked in relative obscurity. Although Avogadro was aware of his contemporaries discoveries, he did not move in their social circles and he did not begin corresponding with other major scientists until late in his career. Very few of Avogadros papers were translated into English and German during his lifetime. Additionally, his ideas were likely neglected because they contradicted those of more famous scientists. In 1814, Avogadro published a memoria about gas densities, and in 1820 he became the first chair of mathematical physics at the University of Turin. As a member of a government commission on weights and measures, he helped introduce the metric system to the Piedmont region of Italy. The standardization of measurements made it easier for scientists in different regions to understand, compare, and evaluate each others work. Avogadro also served as a member of the Royal Superior Council on Public Instruction. Personal Life Not much is known about Avogadros private life. In 1815, he married Felicita Mazzà ©; the couple had six children. Some historical accounts indicate that Avogadro sponsored and aided a group of people planning a revolution on the island of Sardinia, which was ultimately stopped by the concession of Charles Alberts modern Constitution (Statuto Albertino). Because of his alleged political actions, Avogadro was removed as a  professor at the University of Turin. However, doubts remain as to the nature of Avogadros association with the Sardinians. In any case, increasing acceptance of both revolutionary ideas and Avogadros work led to his reinstatement at the University of Turin in 1833. Death In 1850, Avogadro retired from the University of Turin at the age of 74. He died on July 9, 1856. Legacy Avogadro is best known today for his eponymous gas law, which states that equal volumes of gasses, at the same temperature and pressure, contain the same number of molecules. Avogadros hypothesis wasnt generally accepted until 1858 (two years after Avogadros death)  when the Italian chemist Stanislao Cannizzaro was able to explain why there were some organic chemical exceptions to Avogadros hypothesis. Cannizzaro helped clarify some of Avogadros ideas, including his view of the relationship between atoms and molecules. He also provided empirical evidence by calculating the molecular (atomic) weights of various substances. One of the most important contributions of Avogadros work was his resolution of the confusion surrounding atoms and molecules (although he didnt use the term atom). Avogadro believed that particles could be composed of molecules and that molecules could be composed of still simpler units (which we now call atoms). The number of molecules in a mole (one gram molecular weight) was termed Avogadros number (sometimes called Avogadros constant) in honor of Avogadros theories. Avogadros number has been experimentally determined to be 6.023x1023 molecules per gram-mole. Sources Datta, N. C.  The Story of Chemistry. Universities Press, 2005.Morselli, Mario.  Amedeo Avogadro: a Scientific Biography. Reidel, 1984.

Definition of accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Definition of accounting - Essay Example Business profits and financial position. These are known as financial statements or profit and loss account and Balance sheet.With the help of analysis, useful information is obtained form financial statements. The users of the information then interpret the information derived. Such interpretation helps interested parties in taking prompt decisions. The whole process of recording, classifying, summarizing and interpreting is known as accounting. The art of recording, classifying, summarizing, analysing and interpreting the business transactions systematically and communicating business results to the interested users. These interested users may be owner himself of herself, creditors government, etc.; accounting is also viewed as discipline. It has its own principles, rules and concepts, which guide accountants in their accounting practices.The meaning of the word consistency is continuity in methods or practices. In accounting context, consistency means followers using the same acco unting methods or practice year after year. You can also say that the methods followed for making accounting information is not altered generally during its life. A businessman fro example, follows the following practices or methods generally year after year:Machines and other fixed assets used in a business slowly decline in value over time.

Understanding ecological models Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Understanding ecological models - Assignment Example The ecological perpsective of health promotion is an approach that recognizes the interconnectedness of people with their physical and socio-cultural environments. Ecological approaches are so effective because they involve the most factors and determinants of healthFor example, anti-smoking campaigns aimed at teens in South African found that teen smoking rates were linked with a lack of recreational facilities and whether or not the teen's parents smoked. Limitations of the ecological approach include: -Difficult to implement multi-level approaches.-Health care professionals unfamiliar with these – usually just individual approaches.-large amounts of enegry, creativity, and patience.-Challenging and expensive to changealready built enviornments, especially if those environments (i.e. buildings) are privately owned.-†Operationalizing the general princiapls of evological models for specific behaviours is a challenging but essential step.†The purpose of the paper by Elder et. Al (2007) is: to describe a framwork that would be used to guide an individual study.The integration of a wide number of contributing theories into Elder et. al's ecological framework is valuable because Gathers a wider range and depth of knowledge to the framework.â€Å"Theories that helped guide and inform the TAAG SE model are operant conditioning, social cognitive theory (SCT) and organizational change theory,including diffusion of innovations. These theories are incorporated into the TAAG model (see Fig. 1), which serves to put all relevant theories into a unified whole. The model, then, informs the intervention development by providing its theoretical grounding." 6. Sallis and Owen (2002; p468) the components of the TAAG model fulfill the "principles of ecological approaches to health behaviour change" to the extent that contributing theories such as social cognative theory and organizational change theory are included within the model. HPRM3000: Portfolio Task 3 Health Priorities and the Importance of Populations 1. This kind of research so important for health promotion because demographic, and distribution information on health matters is vital for informed health policy creation and implementation. 2. The description, strengths and weaknesses of the DALY are: "Health loss expressed as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and presented as proportions of total DALYs and DALY rates (crude and agestandardised) per 1000 population." " One DALY is equivalent to one lost year of healthy life and represents the gap between current health status and an ideal situation" Links to a format used by The World Bank (allows for ease of international comparision of data). A disadvantage is that it is a "created" and not a "real" mesaurement. ii) In Australia, the progressive increase in body mass is strongly associated with an increase in Type II Diabetes. As these connected risk factors and issues have been getting worse, instead of better, new more effective strageties are required. Two other areas: women's mental health and Aboriginal peoples (especially those in the NT) require immediate, planned progressive health promotion action. 7. a) Stephen R Leeder, Susan U Raymond and Henry M Greenberg Poverty and Human Development The need for leadership in global health. The Medical Journal of Australia. MJA 2007; 187 (9): 532-535 b) Global Leadership in health is present in Australia. This has resulted in deeper and more informed ecological health policies that have lead to concrete action to prevent futher diseases from global climate change. (This is a topic that is just now recieving global attention as a health issue.) 8. International Health Risks In the early 1980s, London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene epidemiologist Geoffrey Rose suggested another reason why the intrapopulation studies might fail to detect benefits of salt reduction that could still have a significant public health impact. Rose

Coursework †Metamorphosis Essay Example for Free

Coursework – Metamorphosis Essay Gregor must work at a job he hates to pay off his family’s debts. The family is in debt, but he is the only one who has a job. While he wakes up early and goes on the train until late at night, his father has a leisurely life. Kafka writes, â€Å"for his father breakfast was the most important meal time in the day, which he prolonged for hours by reading various newspapers. † Instead of working, he is eating and reading newspapers for many hours. At this time, Gregor must work to support the whole family. Later, he finds out that the family has enough money to live on for a few years and maybe Gregor did not have to work so hard. Kafka writes, â€Å"with this excess money, he could have paid off more of his father’s debt to his employer and the day on which he could be rid of this position would have been a lot closer. † He is like a servant, and this is not natural for a family member. Changing into the insect is symbolic of being liberated from this life. Since he is now a bug and cannot work, he does not have to be responsible for paying off the family’s debt anymore. Instead, the family has to be responsible. Therefore, the metamorphosis is also symbolic of the family being liberated because they do not depend on Gregor anymore. They depend on themselves for support. After the change, the mother and sister must do the cooking and the family must all get jobs. Once that happens, the family quickly decides that they do not want or need Gregor anymore. They are independent and decide that Gregor is not an important part of the family. Question 2: If the story was set in contemporary America and Gregor was working two jobs, the plot would change in many ways. If he is working two jobs, it is probably because they are barely able to pay the debts. The family would already be working, they would not get new jobs so easily, and there would be no servant girl or lodgers. If Gregor had two jobs, the other family would probably be working too. This would change the plot significantly. If all the family is working, Gregor would not be the only one responsible for the debts. After the metamorphosis, the family would not have enough money. If they are already working and Gregor loses two jobs, the family would be more in debt every day. Also, in the story, the family starts working soon after Gregor is changed to an insect. However, today it is not so simple to get a job like in the story. If the family has to get new jobs, it would take a long time and their debts would be higher. In addition, there would not have been a servant in the story. Kafka writes, â€Å"The servant girl was now let go. A huge bony cleaning woman with white hair flying all over her head came in the morning and evening to do the heaviest work. The mother took care of everything else in addition to her considerable sewing work. † If Gregor was working two jobs, the family would not have a servant girl or cleaning woman. They would not have enough money and the family would do this work themselves. Also, the family gets rent from three lodgers. Today, lodgers are not so common so the family would be forced to find other ways to get money. The story does not say if the rent is a lot of money, but one of the family would have to get another job to replace the rent. Question 3: I researched â€Å"The Metamorphosis† and found two very good resources: 1. The Modern World. 16 Mar. 2007 http://www. themodernword. com/kafka/index. html. This website is a collection of information about Franz Kafka and â€Å"The Metamorphosis. † It has a biography, review of the story, and a collection of other resources like papers, research, and websites. 2. Bloom, Harold, ed. Franz Kafkas the Metamorphosis. New York: Chelsea House, 1988. This is a book with many essays about â€Å"The Metamorphosis. † I read â€Å"Metamorphosis of the Metaphor† by Stanley Corngold and â€Å"From Marx to Myth: The Structure and Function of Self-Alienation in Kafkas Metamorphosis† by Walter H. Sokel. In â€Å"From Marx to Myth: The Structure and Function of Self-Alienation in Kafkas Metamorphosis,† Walter H. Sokel writes Gregor turns into an insect because he has self-contempt. Sokel writes, â€Å"Seeing himself as vermin, and being treated as such by his business and family, the traveling salesman Gregor Samsa literally turns into vermin† (105). I agree with the author when he says vermin represents the way Gregor is treated, but I do not agree that Gregor sees himself this way. Gregor does not like his job, but must go to work to â€Å"pay off my parents’ debt† to his boss. His family uses him because he can make money and pay off the debts. His boss uses him because he can make money for the company. Kafka writes about Gregor, â€Å"He was the boss’s minion, without backbone or intelligence. † He cannot even miss work if he is sick. He certainly is treated like vermin by his family and boss. However, I do not see that Gregor thinks he is vermin until after he turns into an insect. He seems to be proud that he supports his family.

A Guide to the Civil Wars of RTS Gaming Essay -- War Video Computer Ga

A Guide to the Civil Wars of RTS Gaming The real-time strategy gaming genre is filled with enthusiasts who both pursue and embody the focus of their obsession: war. Fundamentally different approaches to programming a real-time strategy game have led to two very different groups of gamers, each believing that their games are more fun and/or more realistic. I shall distinguish these two groups by the game series that they champion: the partisans of Westwood and the Command and Conquer series, and the disciples of Blizzard, they of the 'Crafts (Warcraft and Starcraft). Although confusing to the uninitiated, the war of the war gamers can be broken up into several major points, or theaters, thusly: construction, resources, and units. I shall address each of the points and their sub-headings in turn. But first, a little background on war games in general and real-time strategy in particular. After all, as Sun Tzu said, â€Å"Know thy enemy and know thyself; in a hundred battles you will never be in peril.† War gaming is a hobby in which the players re-create old battles or make new ones, honing their martial abilities on fictional battlefields. An outgrowth of the training of officers and leaders in ancient times for command of flesh-and-blood troops, war-gaming has probably been around for about as long as war. As such, the number of possible ways to simulate a war are myriad, from the low-tech Chess or Risk to the recent computer game Command and Conquer: Generals. Real-time strategy games, or RTS games, are one of the many benefits of using computers for one's war-gaming needs. There is no stuttering progression of the fight with, â€Å"I'll hit you... ok, now you hit me back,† that limit the reality of turn-based games; one player... ... as a heavy engineering company in the US Army might do (albeit faster and with fewer people), yet the number of unit functions is kept so simple that a few memorized (or re-assigned) hotkeys can make the interface nearly as quick as the older C&C games; supply planes zoom over the drop zones to send the Americans more material while Chinese infantry seize an oil derrick for the steady flow of oil (and funds) that it provides. With this trend toward meshing the two styles, there may one day be peace between the two factions. While I personally prefer the urgent speed of the Command and Conquer style, I think anyone could agree that Blizzard has some good points as well. So, I welcome our newfound brothers and former enemies of the Warcraft forces... except for you guys, you dirty, stinking Mac users! (So much for peace. Oh well, I guess some things never change).

Deloneys view of age Essay

The word ‘age’ is also paired with the adjective ‘crabbed’, however the word ’youth’ is not attached to any word and seems almost completely separate. Youth seems quite isolated from the word ‘age’ and could represent how nowadays parents and children are quite segregated from each other. As well as the word being isolated, it seems to be independent, as it is not relying on an adjective to describe itself. Following onto the point of where I had written that parents and children are isolated from one another, this is clearly demonstrated to us in ‘Romeo and Juliet’, throughout the play, as well as in ‘crabbed age and youth’, when it is written that they ‘cannot live together’. The isolation between a parent and child, can be expressed due to the fact that these two humans are both from different generations, and have been brought up to have different opinions, or in some cases, completely contrasting opinions and as a consequence have little or nothing in common. For example in ‘Follower’ we are not informed of any similarities between the father and son, however the fact that the verb stumble appears twice and that both the father and the son have experienced it, suggests that this is the only thing of which they have in common. Another example is in ‘Romeo and Juliet’ where we see at the beginning of the play Capulet displaying a willingness to become a better parent as he attempts to understand Juliet’s thoughts and emotions by saying to Paris that Juliet is too â€Å"ripe to be a bride†. This portrays to us a parent who is willing to change their own opinion in a matter. in the Elizabethan era it was considered normal for a 14 year old to be married and expecting children, which is made clear to us when Paris says to Capulet ‘younger than she (Juliet) are happy mothers made’, to which Capulet answers by saying that young mothers are ‘too soon marr’d’. By defending his and his daughter’s actions, shows him to be a protective father. There is no doubt that along the path of parenthood there will be clashes between a parent and child, of which the child or parent feels that they ‘cannot live together’, due to different factors, the most prominent of which is a severe clash of opinions. We know not to take the line ‘cannot live together’ literally, because Deloney is talking about the two opinions of the youth and the old and how they are so severely differentiated, almost contradictory. I translate this stanza to mean that the two opinions are so contradictory that neither can win the argument. I can refer this to the poem ‘Catrin’, in which Gillian Clarke talks about a ‘red rope of love’ which represents the bond that a parent and child have. To demonstrate how contradictory these 2 opinions are, Deloney offers us a variety of antithesis, such as â€Å"Youth like summer†¦ Age like winter†, â€Å"Youth is hot†¦ Age is†¦ Cold†. The roles in this parent child relationship are clear to us; Capulet even tells us that he thinks of Juliet as a ‘whining mammet’. A mammet is a puppet, and so obviously a puppet needs a puppeteer, and due to how Capulet acts in this scene, it is evident that he is the puppeteer. This hierarchy of a parent and child is also shown in ‘Follower’, when Heaney describes his father to be a ‘full sail strung’ and that ‘horses strained at his clicking tongue’. By saying that even ‘horses strained at his clicking tongue’ shows how much power and authority his father had; he had to do such little, to get the horses to do a lot of work. The fact that an animal listens to him, demonstrates just how powerful he is. Deloney also thinks that age and youth are completely opposite by saying ‘age like winter weather; Youth like summer brave’. By using two completely opposite seasons of the year, Deloney is also pointing out that parents and children are also completely opposite. For example it is hot in summer and cold in winter, it cannot be hot in winter and cold in summer, however when we get too hot, we wish for it to be cooler and when we are cold, we wish for it to be hot. Similarly, when we are old we desire to be young, and when we are young we wish to be older or you could say when children are in need of parents, they may not be here, but that when they are here, you do not need them vice versa. If we were to interpret this to fit the role of a parent child relationship then we would say that when as children we become older and our parents eventually die, suddenly we seem to miss them immensely. So by using antithesis, the poet is basically telling us that once a parent or child is deceased, we learn how much we appreciated them. I feel it is a shame that we only realise things like this once it has been taken from us. This is shown in Romeo and Juliet when Capulet discovers that his daughter has apparently died from depression, he feels overwhelmed and his true feelings for Juliet are revealed as he says ‘with my child are my joys buried’, however when she was alive (in act 3 scene 5), he did not seem to care if she were to ‘die in the streets’.

Acceleration

In this lab, my group and I main focus was to find out the acceleration of an object that is dropping while thinking that there are no force acting on it due to gravity. Guess what? Galileo was the first famous philosopher that had experience and observe acceleration due to gravity back in the 1700s. Acceleration is an increase in the rate or speed of something. For instance, in this experiment my job was to measure the value of the acceleration of an object in â€Å"free fall†. To be specific a free fall is a falling object that is falling under the sole impact of gravity. A free-falling object has an acceleration of 9.8 m/s/s, downhill. According to experiment 2, there were two different steel balls that was getting tested. One steel ball was bigger than the other one. First, we used the large steel ball to measure trial 1,2 and 3 with a balance scale, then we used the smaller steel ball for trial 4 and 5. The procedure for both was the same. The total mass for the big ball had a mass of 28.4 grams while the smaller one had a mass of 16.4 grams. Next, the height was measured from the release mechanism to the target pad. According to the data sheet the height was provided for us. For trial 1, we had to release the ball from the height of 0.75(m), 1.0(m) for the second trail, 1.5(m) for the third and fourth, and 1(m) for the last trial. Before anything the elapsed time must be on zero while the ball is grip on the release mechanism because I noticed that if the number was different from zero, that means that there's a bad contact between the ball and the mechanism. To avoid that situation, it is important to tighten the ball with the release mechanism. we had to release the ball four times before calculating the average time of flight. When the ball dropped on the time pad, I had received the time of .390 secs on my next three tries we had acquired an estimation close to the amount of seconds as my first try. When we calculated the average by adding all the numbers and dividing it by 4. The average time came up to 0.389 secs. This shows that the time of flight wouldn't change as bad. As we continued the process with the rest of the trails, I notice that the average for the small ball was actually comparable with the big ball. That was really shocking and exciting to me. Once we were finish with the average for 1-5 trial, the most interesting part was finding the calculation for each trial combine. Now I know you wondering, how would you do that? Well it's really not difficult. All you have to do is multiply 2 from the height of your measurement than divide it by the total average than multiply the total average number twice to get the average â€Å"g† g=2s/t^2. The average came up to 9.8 grams.

The Greek Hero vs The AngloSaxon Hero essays

The Greek Hero vs The AngloSaxon Hero essays The Greek Hero vs. The Anglo-Saxon Hero The hero stands as an archetype of who we should be and who we wish to be. However, the hero has inherent flaws which we do not wish to strive towards. In literature, these flaws are not used as examples of what we should be but rather as examples of what not to be. This is especially dominant in the Greek hero. While the Greek hero follows his fate, making serious mistakes and having a fairly simple life, the Anglo-Saxon "super" hero tries, and may succeed, to change his fate, while dealing with a fairly complex life. The Greek hero is strong and mighty while his wit and intelligence are highly valued. In the Greek tragedy, the hero struggles to avoid many flaws. Among these flaws are ambition, foolishness, stubbornness, and hubris-the excessive component of pride. He must overcome his predestined fate-a task which is impossible. From the beginning of the tale, it is already clear that the hero will ultimately fail with the only way out being death. In Oedipus, the hero is already confronted with a load of information about his family and gouges his eyes out. At this point, when he tries to outwit his fate he has already lost The Anglo-Saxon hero must also deal with his "fate" but tries, and usually succeeds, to change it. While the Greek hero battles his fate with his excessive pride and intelligence, the Anglo-Saxon hero tries to eliminate his doom by force. The Anglo-Saxon hero is considered a barbarian of sorts due to his sometimes unethical and immoral views and courses of action. At the end, the Anglo-Saxon succeeds in altering his fate though. The Greek hero is so normal, that the reader can relate to him. He is usually a "common" human being with no extraordinary life. His story seems believable, even possible. We would have no hard time imagining the hero's conflict as ...

The Meanings and Origins of Common Greetings and Pleasantries

The Meanings and Origins of Common Greetings and Pleasantries The Meanings and Origins of Common Greetings and Pleasantries The Meanings and Origins of Common Greetings and Pleasantries By Mark Nichol Greetings and pleasantries, often uttered without sincerity or conviction as rote statements, are often also used without appreciation of their literal meanings. Here are the connotations and derivations of common comments. Adieu This French term, uttered by someone taking leave of others, is sometimes used by English speakers; it’s a contraction of â€Å"A dieu vous commant† (meaning â€Å"I commend you to God†). Adios The Spanish equivalent of â€Å"adieu† is also employed in English. Farewell This short version of â€Å"I hope you fare well† (fare here means â€Å"do†) was originally said as a parting comment to a person leaving the company of one or more other people; the departing person would traditionally respond â€Å"Good-bye.† Now, it is sometimes used in distinction with â€Å"Good-bye,† which has a connotation of finality, whereas â€Å"Farewell† implies that the parties will meet again. Good Day and Good Night These abbreviated versions of â€Å"I wish you a good day/night† are almost invariably said when a person parts company with one or more others. Good Morning, Good Afternoon, and Good Evening Unlike â€Å"Good day† and â€Å"Good night,† these expressions are usually uttered as greetings at the appropriate time of day or night, though they are sometimes said in parting. Good-bye This comment, given when one party or another departs, is a contraction of â€Å"God be with ye†; it’s often spelled goodbye. Greetings The root word of this outdated but occasionally employed comment, an abbreviation of â€Å"I give you greetings,† originally meant â€Å"to come in contact with.† Hello The greeting hello likely derives from the Old High German call hala (also hola), meaning â€Å"fetch,† which was originally used to hail the operator of a ferryboat and expanded as general usage for getting someone’s attention and then as a greeting. A great variety of spellings, probably as a result of various pronunciations, persisted well into the twentieth century. Hello became more popular toward the end of the 1800s as it prevailed as the dominant form of greeting when calling someone on a telephone. Holler (meaning â€Å"a shout†), and possibly hullabaloo (meaning â€Å"a commotion†), are related. Hi â€Å"Hi,† used as an informal alternative to â€Å"Hello,† is unrelated to that word, though it also derives from a word used to attract attention: hey. It originally was uttered as an exclamation of surprise. How Do You Do? This pleasantry, often responded to with an identical greeting but sometimes returned with something like, â€Å"I am well. And how are you?† is nearly obsolete but survives in the contraction â€Å"Howdy,† which is used without affectation in some regions of the United States, though some people use it as a self-conscious colloquialism. Thank You This pleasantry, short for â€Å"I thank you† but still considered formal, is often replaced by â€Å"Thanks,† which derives from a different comment, â€Å"I give you thanks.† The colloquial â€Å"Thanks a lot† is often uttered sarcastically, so it should be avoided in writing; the same is true of â€Å"Thanks a million.† An even more casual alternative is â€Å"Thanx.† (Thank, by the way, is cognate with think.) Welcome The two parts of this greeting are misleading in their apparent etymological origins: The first half does not have anything to do with well, and the second half is only tangentially related to come. The first part of the Old English word wilcuma means â€Å"will† and the second part means â€Å"guest,† not â€Å"come†; the sentiment is that it was a host’s will that a guest would arrive. You’re Welcome This response to â€Å"Thank you† and its variants, a slight contraction of â€Å"You are welcome,† literally means that one should feel entitled to whatever cordiality or service one has received from the person who gives the response. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Rhetorical Devices for Rational Writing50 Synonyms for "Assistant"5 Tips to Understand Hyphenated Words

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Marketing - Essay Example Question # 1- Target Market Initially facebook has its membership restrained to college students only so the target market covered only the youngster till 2006 after which it was opened for all after two years in 2006. The users comprising the target market fell under the psychographic segmentation. The target market includes those youngsters who wish to keep connected with their folks and friends all over the world. Their attributes relating to values, attitudes, interests, personality, or lifestyles matter to them. Facebook new exciting offers target markets users who want to download everything they have posted from Fb to computers. Any sort of information would definitely be updated at personal computer including social status, profile, wall post etc. Whereas the dashboard helps provide more flexibility for users wishing to control better their applications. The new grouping feature targets those groups who wish to share comments, pictures and other links with acquaintances based on ones relationships and interests. For instance, one can now group Facebook friends by college, family, work, sports teams. Question # 2 - Facebook Competitors Facebook has already achieved competitive edge as social networking sites. It does not have strong competitors. ... Tumblr It provides blogging platform with many kids sharing content with each others however, still the tumbir cannot surpass the area coverage by facebook. Twitter It is a micro blogging platform with features of Facebook except 140 assymetric follow patterns and character messages which is a new feature however, this is not such a big threat to Facebook. LinkedIn This is specifically for the business gentry and is therefore covers only certain individuals while Facebook is for everyone else. Path Path works against the principle of Facebook as it talks about smaller groups of friends. Path let you share pictures and information with close circle of friend. Still social networks matter today so facebook still out do. Question # 3 – Product’s Position Facebook is the world's largest social networking online web. On average there are 700 billions minutes spent in a month by facebook current users. The company has been increasing at a meteoric pace, doubling size since af ter 2009 and pushing competitors like Orkut and Twitter aside. Through it is social networking world wide still it has wider customer acceptance due to set define standards of privacy like no other websites provide. There are defined privacy laws governing facebook actions due to which at times it has even been sued. But, so far it has the greater sale’s popularity with over 500 million users in the year 2010. The largest social network worldwide has been rapidly increasing its membership at a steady pace for over the so many years gone by, however even Facebook is almost touching saturation level for several of its age demographics. The good news that remains for Facebook is that it has still future potential to increase and retain its market share. E Marketer statistics

Immigration law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Immigration law - Essay Example In Ameer’s case, an understanding must prevail between him considered as a party and the United Kingdom that is also considered as a different party. In order to coin a rational judgment, all the relevant provisions of the law have to be obeyed and it is through a critical understanding that an effective decision can be reached. Here, an effectual decision is the decision reached that fulfils all the demands of the law and manifests concern to the respect of human rights. The United Kingdom has to ascertain that the asylum seeker actually fears the persecution3. Under ordinary situations, individuals in fear of persecution must have to originate from a particular social group that is likely to be persecuted. In cases of countries such as Afghanistan, the sources of persecution might incorporate race, religion, political affiliation or nationality. Hence, the united kingdom have to ascertain the probability of the asylum seeker’s origin and the probability of originating from the above stipulated groups and the impending reasons being influential to the actions considered adverse to their lives4. Ameer fears for his life and that of his family and that is perceived as the primary cause of his escape to the United Kingdom. Nonetheless, his case is quite complicated afterwards since he develops a kidney condition that is of a potential harm equally. Therefore, it is imperative to understand that besides him faced by external or the national problems, he is faced by personal and health problems. However, the law provides for both conditions and it is upon the law enforcement teams to follow the law provisions to their maximum to achieve a credible solution to the situation5. Concerning the human rights, Ameer’s life has to be respected in his capacity as a human being that is entitled to safety and healthy welfare. The law has to regard the health condition of the asylum seeker and pursue all the activities within its docket to provide its best to aid in the situation. The United Kingdom has to establish that Ameer is unwilling or incapable of subjecting himself to the protection provided by his country, Afghanistan. The United Kingdom has also to determine in case the refugee is not associated with any nationality or is not willing to go back to his country of habitat and from which the refugee originated6. Ameer’s situation is relevant in two provisions of vast law contexts that is, Article 3 and article 8. Article 8 demands consideration of Ameer’s personality and the components surrounding him. This provision regards the applicant’s private life, family life home as well as that of correspondence.6 Basic interpretations of article 8 provide that concerning private life, the bodily integrity has to be upheld. The applicant should be granted all the medical opportunities he deserves; again the treatments should never be restricted. The applicant is entitled to personal autonomy and is liable to make all his decisions without any external influence unless requested. The applicant has the right to hold information and can also demand information held by an institution concerning his affairs and personality. Again the aspect of home has to be accorded the due respect to mean that Ameer’s current dwelling has to be recognized as his home and there is no essence in searching for him home even if it does not exist. The article 8 is relevant in this case since Ameer has developed a fatal health condition. Therefore he has to be

American Expansionism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Expansionism - Essay Example In the period from 1890 to 1920, the US economy functioned in an optimal manner achieving impressive results. In 1900, the US had 38 percent of world’s wealth, which is 13 percent more than Britain. This economic might enabled leaders to pursue expansionism and importantly financed it as well. â€Å"Economic power set the foundations of American power, facilitating leaders to pursue ‘grand’ policies† (Efthymiou). The other related cause is that the US wanted to further develop its economy, which they wanted to achieve by capturing and tapping resources-rich territories. That is, after capturing and entering newer territories, the US looked for key resources or materials, which can be sold separately or can be used to manufacture finished goods. Those finished good were sold or exported to various countries thereby developing its economy. â€Å"†¦expansionism was driven by the idea that the American economy needs to grow continuously† (Johnston 1 89). The third cause which initiated expansionism was the strengthening of its naval wing. The US’s Navy Admiral of that period, Alfred Thayer Mahan only emphasized â€Å"the need for a powerful navy and the creation of â€Å"coaling stations† in strategic regions with significance in world trade† (Efthymiou). When this started actualizing, the US became confident in its expansion plans. The US expanded its role and influence through three ways namely imperialism or armed conflicts, international diplomacy, and through the construction of the Panama Canal. In 1898, the US declared a war on Spanish territories in the Caribbean and totally dismantled the waning Spanish Empire. So by evicting Spain, the US fortified its advantageous grip on the Caribbean, built a naval base in Cuba, and even annexed Puerto Rico (Efthymiou). It further extended its influence into the Pacific by capturing Philippines and Guam. The US also expanded its influence by actively

Unconscious Communication and Defence Mechanisms

Unconscious Communication and Defence Mechanisms According to Frayne[1] unconscious communication is one of the three types of communication, the other two being conscious and preconscious. To the clinician, it is critical to understand the full nature of unconscious communication, defence mechanisms and the manner in which these interact in the therapeutic environment[2]. The therapeutic environment is often prey to issues of transference, countertransference and a multitude of defence mechanisms. As a result, it is essential that the clinician understand how issues of transactional analysis impact both the patient and therapist. The therapeutic setting is one based on a close relationship, that of patient and clinician. Both parties bring their own beliefs and perceptions, personality, stages of development and behaviours to the therapeutic experience. As a result, both parties are prey to their own types of unconscious communication and use of various defence mechanisms. Frayne[3] states â€Å"Contemporary psychoanalytic interventions (require that) the analyst be able to work in that transitional field that joins the unconscious of the patient and the analyst.† This paper will highlight the many concepts involved in the roles of unconscious communication, defence mechanisms, transactional analysis and the transference and countertransference experience. In order to highlight these issues and how they can manifest themselves, this paper will present the case of B.A., a 13-year-old child who has been in the therapeutic setting for 5 months. Following the case presentation, topics will be explored in a reflective manner. Case Presentation B.A. is a 13-year-old Caucasian male who presented to the therapeutic setting as a result of maladaptive behaviour displayed at home and in the school setting. B.A. is one of four children born to working class parents, both of whom work a traditional 8:30 – 6:00 work day. B. A. is second oldest and the only male child. His other sisters are 15, 10 and 7 years of age, respectively. B.A. has had history of excellent grades, mostly As and a few Bs for the majority of his public education and has been cited as a good citizen by his teachers. Five months ago, B.A.s grades significantly dropped to near failing, his attitude was oppositional, he was frequently truant and B.A. became involved with numerous fights with other children. When school counsellors brought the issues to B.A.s parents, his parents acknowledged that B. A. changed at home as well, being oppositional and defiant. Both his teachers and parents cited increased frequency of lying and his parents stated â€Å"It is getting impossible to tell the difference between when he is telling us the truth or a lie. We wonder if he even knows the difference anymore, whether he believes his lies really are the truth.† Upon closer familial examination, B. A.s parents admitted they had been having marital problems, including issues of betrayal and infidelity such that there have been â€Å"regular loud shouting matches† and arguments in the house. During those times B.A. would stay in his room and turn the volume on his stereo up, causing more stress within the household. The infidelity was first uncovered six months ago at which time B.A.s parents discussed divorce options, which B. A. overheard. A precipitating incident involving night time vandalism four months ago at his school led to court involvement and mandated psychological counselling for a period of one year. The reflective nature of this paper is based on two months of bi-weekly therapeutic sessions. Unconscious Communication Frayn[4] tells us that unconscious communication can only be inferred, as it cannot be tangibly seen, but only sensed in the therapeutic setting, primarily during those times of silence. There were many times that B.A. maintained his silence, primarily during those times when he was challenged to explain his behaviour, justify his actions or explain his thought processes. Although his overt actions during these silent periods could be interpreted as insolent behaviour, there was no way to truly know what unconscious mechanisms were engaged, but a series of defence mechanisms were evident in his therapy and were inferred as greatly influenced by the unconscious process[5]. Defence Mechanisms Frayn[6] believes that unconscious processes are often a form of â€Å"acting out† in the therapeutic environment, in particular those under age seven, where children find it easier to act instead of talk[7]. This is particularly evident in the transactional analysis approach when dealing with dysfunctional or challenged adolescents, like B.A. who respond with childlike reactions when stressed. In particular, Araujo, Feldman and Steiner[8] state that defence mechanisms are a function of age, sex and status of mental health. In particular, those unconscious actions and reactions are involuntary but serve to reduce a perceived threat as reality-distorting mechanisms postulated to form themselves in the unconscious[9]. Araujo et al. [10] state that youths with psychological issues have a tendency to display less mature defence mechanism such as â€Å"denial, projection, regression, passive aggression and displacement† even though they are considered ineffective coping stra tegies for an adolescent. More mature defence mechanisms are considered â€Å"sublimation, anticipation, affiliation, suppression and humour.† This concept is particularly important to the therapeutic environment as the defence mechanisms among mentally healthy early adolescents differ from the mentally healthy mid-adolescent. The older the individual on the child to mid-adolescent continuum, the less the patient should be employing immature defence mechanisms[11]. Similarly, the higher the level of emotional intelligence, the less one relies on maladaptive defence mechanisms that often prove inconsistent and illogical[12]. B.A.s impulsive and acting out behaviour coupled with his lies made therapy particularly difficult. Elaad[13] tells us that lying is a method of deceptive communication that provides an advantage to the deceiver, stating that those with poor social skills use methods of deception more frequently than others with lesser levels of guilt over their deception. From a transactional analysis standpoint, Elaad[14] states that the bad-child indulges in defence mechanisms that feel natural, as the ego state attem pts to rid itself of parental pressure. Clinicians need to be aware of developmental stages and influences, such as emotional intelligence in order to effectively intervene for the patient, especially if significant unconscious communication mechanisms are in place[15]. Given B.A.s familial discord, it was not difficult to see that when B.A. acted out or displayed other defence mechanisms, including his frequent lying, issues of transference were part of the therapeutic process. Transference The defence maturity model postulated by Vaillant[16] believes that defence projection is the result of unacceptable feelings or relations with another that are displaced and redirected away from one person and directed at a less-cared-for-person, often a therapist. For those patients experiencing unconscious emotions, many times patients will shift their unconscious feelings towards another person instead of dealing with them personally[17]. B.A. appears to be transferring and projecting his own unresolved parental/authoritarian conflicts on his therapist and although he displays occasional glimmers of wanting to please and receive the favour of his therapist and gain a feeling of security, the security he used to feel with his parents before the familial discord. Countertransference Haarhoff[18] tells us that for the therapist, an awareness of countertransference, whereby the therapist unconsciously projects their own unresolved conflicts on the patient can have negative repercussions and consequences if the therapist ignores â€Å"or fails to understand his or her own emotional reactions† including the inability to set limits with a patient, feel inhibited to discuss various topics and other manifestations of avoidant behaviour. As a therapist, issues of countertransference are also paramount in B.A.s therapy, as feeling of anger at being lied to or suspecting that B.A. is lying during therapy sessions creates feelings of wasted time when time in for sessions is limited and B.A. avoids various topics and time management is one of the personal stressors this writer experiences. Awareness of countertransference creates boundary issues with a therapist[19]. In particular with B.A., it appears that a more demanding and controlling nature seems to overshadow the therapeutic process. Conclusion The use of defence mechanisms in the therapeutic environment is important to identify, as, according to Reisner[20] different types of neuroses are associated with different types of defence mechanisms. For example, those who are high in hysterical identifiers are more likely to employ repression as a defence mechanism where those who are obsessive compulsive, considered sensitizers, are hypervigilant to any kind of threatening stimuli[21]. Feldman and Steiner[22] believe that the more a therapist knows about defence mechanisms, particularly those who deal with children and adolescents, that knowledge can be used to predict levels of pathology among their patients. Aalto-Setala et al. [23] tell us that unconscious behaviours, such as communication and defence mechanisms are associated with an effort by the patient to manage their conflict. In particular, researchers found that the greater levels of immature defence mechanism use by adolescents â€Å"is associated with the onset of mood disorders in adults[24].† Successful therapeutic intervention must assess both conscious and unconscious communication in the patient and therapist. Bibliography Aalto-Setala, Terhi, Lonnqvist, Jouko, Poikolainen, Kari and Tuulio-Henriksson, Annamari. Psychological Defence Styles in Late Adolescence and Young Adulthood: A Follow-up Study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1997. Araujo, Katy B., Feldman, S. Shirley and Steiner, Hans. Defense Mechanisms in Adolescents as a Function of Age, Sex, and Mental Health Status. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1996. Cashwell, Craig S., Schweiger, Wendi K. and Watts, Randolph H., Jr. Fostering Intrinsic motivation in Children: A Humanistic Counseling Process. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development. 2004. Clark, Arthur J. Scapegoating: Dynamics and Interventions in Group Counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development. 2002. Elaad, Eitan. Detection of Deception: A Transactional Analysis Perspective. The Journal of Psychology. 1993. Feldman, S. Shirley and Steiner, Hans. Two Approaches to the Measurement of Adaptive Style: Comparison of Normal, Psychosomatically Ill, and Delinquent Adolescents. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1995. Frayn, Douglas H. Unconscious Communication and its Relational Manifestations in the Analytic Process. Canadian Journal of Psychoanalysis. 1998. Haarhoff, Beverly A. The Importance of Identifying and Understanding Therapist Schema in Cognitive Therapy Training and Supervision. New Zealand Journal of Psychology. 2006. Jones, Alun C. Transference and Countertransference. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 2004. Murray, Robert J. The Therapeutic Use of Forgiveness in Healing Intergenerational Pain. Counseling and Values. 2002. OReilly-Knapp, Marye and Erskine Richard G. Core Concepts of an Integrative Transactional Analysis. Transactional Analysis Journal. 2003. Pellitteri, John. The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Ego Defense Mechanisms. The Journal of Psychology. 2002. Pires dos Santos, Manuel J. Countertransference in Psychotherapy and Psychiatry Today. Presented at the XXII Brazilian Congress of Psychiatry, Salvador B. A., Brazil. October 2004. Reisner, Andrew D. Repressed Memories: True and False. The Psychological Record. 1996. Footnotes [1]D. Frayn, Unconscious Communication and Its Relational Manifestations in the Analytic Process, Canadian Journal of Psychoanalysis, 1998) 207. [2]Frayn 208. [3]Frayn 207. [4]Frayn 208. [5]Frayn 210. [6]Frayn 211. [7]Frayn 211. [8]K. B. Araujo, S. S. Feldman and H. Steiner, Defense Mechanisms in Adolescents as a Function of Age, Sex and Mental Health Status, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1996. [9]A. Freud 1966 as cited by Araujo et al. [10]K. B. Araujo et al. 1996. [11]K. B. Araujo et al. 1996. [12]J. Pellitteri, The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Ego Defense Mechanisms, The Journal of Psychology, 2002. [13]E. Elaad, Detection of Deception: A Transactional Analysis Perspective, The Journal of Psychology, 1993. [14]Elaad 1996. [15]Pellitteri 2002. [16]Vaillant, 1986 as cited by S. S. Feldman and H. Steiner, Two approaches to the Measurement of Adaptive Style: Comparison of Normal, Psychosomatically Ill and Delinquent Adolescents, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1995. [17]Pellitteri, 2002. [18]B. A. Haarhoff, The Importance of Identifying and Understanding Therapist Schema in Cognitive Therapy Training and Supervision, New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 2006. [19]Haarhoff 2006. [20]A. D. Reisner, Repressed Memories: True and False. The Psychological Record, 1996. [21]Reisner 1996. [22]Feldman and Steiner 1995. [23]Aalto-Setala et al. 1997. [24]Feldman and Steiner 1995; T. Aalto-Setala, J. Lonnqvist, K. Poikolainen and A. Tuulio-Henriksson, Psychological Defense Styles in Late Adolescence and Young Adulthood: A Follow-up Study, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1997.

Comparing Henrik Ibsens Enemy of the People and Kurt Vonneguts Slaugh

Science, Technology and Human Values in Henrik Ibsen's Enemy of the People and Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five Every day I use technology and science, from the allergy pill I take to my cell phone and my Apple watch, technology is a vital part of my day. Are the human values of integrity, honesty and kindness a part of my everyday life, though? Everyone wants to believe they are a good person, but there are so many things in life that aren't good or positive at all, it is apparent that people-who want to think they are good-do mean things. Some of the worst things are done with some of the best intentions, with the idea that the ends justify the means. Science can improve several things, like one's life expectancy, but can it improve the quality of life? Science without morals to support it can be a dangerous thing. This is seen in several of the works we have read this semester, including Henrik Ibsen's Enemy of the People and Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five. In Enemy of the People, we see that science and technology are at the mercy of those who hold power, in this case, political power. Dr. Stockmann has discovered, through the use of science, that there is a problem with the economic center of the town-the baths. It is not Dr. Stockmann's use of science that questions the compatibility of science and human values, but his bother, Peter Stockmann's use of technology. Peter is able to control the newspaper, and therefore popular opinion, away from Dr. Stockmann (Act 3). The newspaper is a form of technology that allows news of many events to reach the common person. However, this holds a lot of responsibility with it. Whoever is in charge of what goes in the paper has the ability to shape public opi... ... difficult to include morals in decision-making. It is so much simpler not to think of the consequences of one's actions. However, if everyone were to do this, society would quickly disband. People need to start thinking of their actions as having consequences that affect more than just themselves, and that they must keep this in mind when making decisions. Critical thinking is difficult, and it's not the most pleasant thing, but as Plato has Socrates say in the Apology, "The unexamined life is not worth living" (West & West, 92). Unless we incorporate human values into science and technology, we will be living a life not worth living. Works Cited Lippmann, Walter. The Public Philosophy. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2000. West, Grace S., Thomas West. Texts on Socrates: Plato and Aristophanes. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998.

2012 Olympic Games

Recommendation It will explore whether the Olympics is still athlete focused or more of a profit maker for the host. If these games are to prevail careful observation of previous games must be made to ensure that similar pitfalls are not stumbled upon and past methods can be improved. A more recent turn in economics may prove a large problem for the preparation of the games and the government must be careful as not to under estimate the budget, especially considering the varying views societies take on the use of public spending for all this to happen.Terms of reference Report specifications Purpose This report is for the assessment of my tutor, Alex Watts. It will asses my understanding and development of report writing and the module so far. Scope I may use any material I can find in this report and have no limit to the references I can use, so long as I do not exceed the word limit set and I reference them on the reference page. I may use a limit less amount of material for backgr ound reading and study in relation to this report as long as they are stated in the bibliography or reference page. AimMy aim is to research London 2012 and demonstrate the skills I have learned. Taking reference from material including newspapers, academic journals and books. I will use a broad scope of materials to present a very balanced and clear report of the games. Limitations and constraints I am limited on the length of the report and the due date. The maximum length of the report is 2500 words not including the reference list and bibliography and the due date is the 20th of November. I must ensure my work is of a certain layout and style with a contents table.I may use a maximum of two references from internet sites and any other information obtained from internet sites with have to be recorded in the bibliography and will not count to one of my fifteen minimum references. Also when making reference and listing reading materials I must keep them in accordance with the Harva rd referencing system. Objectives This report is due in on the 21st of November and has a word limit of 2500. The key objective in this report is to analyse whether the games will bring all the benefits the government is suggesting.This report will explore the claims made by the government and London’s’ Mayor Boris Johnson and weigh up whether they are too great a task for them to realise in the long run. I will base a conclusion on all the references and information I have put together throughout the report. Methodology and Procedures Materials I had very little knowledge of the Olympics previously and started by looking at past games on various web pages and began relating them to 2012. I paid particular attention to the economic side of the Olympics and what it means on a global scale to the country considering the new economic threat in full force.How I sourced materials I firstly went to the LJMU library (Aldham Robarts) to source information, I couldn’t fi nd many books on the subject and proving far more useful was the LJMU electronic library presenting me with much more information in the form of e-books and academic journals. Many of my searches turned up very specific material from e-books. I then turned to the internet using online newspapers and specific websites on the Olympics. Materials used All materials I have included in my report can be found in my reference list.Any other information that I have sourced that exceeded my reference limit or having be directly used in the report can be found in my bibliography. Findings/Analysis The bid Once the decision was taken in May 2003 to compete for the 2012 Summer Games the slogan â€Å"Back the Bid† filled billboards and posters on the sides of buses and was woven into the fabric of seats on the tube. Opinion polls suggested consistent support for the campaign running at about 70%, and by May 2005 1. 2 million Londoners had signed up online to â€Å"Back the Bid† and 10,000 had already volunteered to be helpers at the Games (The Londoner, 2005 cited by Newman 2007).There was an instant surge of support for the Olympics from the word go, an overwhelming number of Londoners supported the bid. Following success in the Olympic competition on July 6, 2005 and the London bombings on July 7, 2005, the dominant image of London as host for the 2012 Games is as a city â€Å"diverse and unafraid†. (Government office for london, 2006 cited in Newman, 2007) London presented itself as this strong figure in the global portrait and drove forward with this image to try to secure 2012. The city of London will host the Games of the XXX Olympiad.Following four rounds of voting by members of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on 6 July 2005 at the 117th IOC Session, in Singapore, London eventually triumphed by taking 54 votes from a possible 104. This gave London the majority that it needed to be elected as the host city for the 2012 Games. London had to overcome stiff competition, however, in the form of Paris, New York, Moscow and Madrid in its bid to get the Games. (British Olympic Association, 2008 [online]) London landed a very substantial number of votes in the election and proved to be strong candidate in the running’s all the way though to the final election.Rejuvenation New image Boris Johnson said today that the 2012 Olympics would be â€Å"much, much more fun† than the Beijing Games as he unveiled a vision of the â€Å"party atmosphere† they could bring to London. (Sparrow, 2008) A brighter and better future is seen to be forged for London out of the games The Olympic Development Authority is keen to transform the location site in Stratford, east London, into a flourishing residential are once the athletes have left. This is great news for Stratford and east London which could really benefit from the rejuvenation.Also the lea valley is set to transform into one of the city’s most treasured parks. Britain's bid for the 2012 Olympic Games would transform 1,500 acres of east London's Lower Lea Valley, one of the UK's poorest areas, into the main Olympic site. (Allen, 2004) Location The main Olympic venues are to be located in an Olympic Park and neighbouring areas largely in the borough of Newham in east London. These parts of the city were identified as prospective Olympic sites in the late 1970s when a bid for the 1988 Games was being considered.The mayor’s London Plan favours the east of the city over the west, encouraging new development to follow new public transport investment (Greater London Authority, 2004) It was obvious that the east end would benifit from the developement, the games will help rejevenate london in favour of everyone living there. Athletes competing in the 2012 London Olympics will be housed in a village where apartments will be sold for up to ? 1m after the Games are over. (Pocock, 2006) The Olympic Development Authority is keen to trans form the location site in Stratford, east London, into a flourishing residential are once the athletes have left.This is great news for Stratford and east London which could really benefit from the rejuvenation. Also the lea valley is set to transform into one of the city’s most treasured parks. The Olympic village will be designed as part of a new â€Å"water city† which is said to incorporate the green spaces, water ways and canals of lea valley park. When all told is finished they will leave behind 5000 apartments. Economic impacts With The Olympics attracting thousands of spectators a year globally, through radio, television and the thrill of being there, it doesn’t come as a surprise that there is money to be had for people willing to get involved.Growth More than 800 companies have won ? 3. 5bn of work in preparation for the London 2012 Olympics, new figures reveal today. (William, 2008) In the face of an economic recession people may argue that the Olympi cs Is too much of a mammoth task for the UK to achieve and doing so will put even more strain on the economy with the large budget of tax payers money needed. But in wake of this crisis it could prove to be a saviour in the field it was thought to fall, over 68 percent of the work awarded to 801 so far has been given to small-medium sized businesses and 98 percent of the companies are UK based.On top of that not only will London benefit but 46 percent of the work is going to firms outside of London. It will offer new work to many businesses in a time forecast to bring hardship. London 2012 is an unmissable opportunity in such a time of economic need. An estimated ? 4 billion contributor to the London economy is forecast for the capital prior to and during the London 2012 Games. Combine this with the projected ? 40 billion growth in the London economy over the next four years and it becomes clear that 2012 is just the start of London's growth. London Developement Agency, 2008) Over s pending? Senior figures in the Department of Culture Media and Sport (DCMS) believe the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA), the body responsible for building the infrastructure of the Olympic project, is â€Å"out of control†.They accuse the ODA of failing to adapt to the realities of the credit crunch and a likely future recession and fear that the promised Olympic legacy is now at risk. (Howker, 2008) Athletes competing in London 2012 face a squeeze on living space in the Olympic Village as the deepening credit crisis threatens resources. O'Connor, 2008) Massive budgets have been set and they continue to rise, surely prompting a revamp of the infrastructure of the London Olympics? More and more money keeps getting pumped into the Olympics, stadium costs have risen ? 16m and the aquatics centre has almost tripled to ? 303m. Not to mention an estimated injection of ? 250m for the building of the Olympic village. the Treasury agreed to give the ODA an interim payment of ? 93m to cover ongoing costs in the construction of the Olympic Village. The money was necessary because organisers cannot find sufficient private investment. Howker, 2008)In the past year, board members of the Olympic Organising Committee received ? 1,000 per two-hour meeting and the chief executive, Paul Deighton, a former Goldman Sachs banker with a personal fortune of more than ? 100m, was paid a salary of ? 557,440. The committee chair Lord Coe splits his time between his Olympic work, for which he receives more than ? 250,000 a year, and managing the Complete Leisure Group. (Howker, 2008) Borris Johnson has been told by his 2012 advisor, David Ross, that the ? 9. 3b budget may simply not be enough. Overspending, deadlines eading further out reach and mounting pressure from a forecast recession in the economy don’t fair to well for the foreseeable future of 2012.The Olympics minister Tessa Jowell has been scurrying to explain her remark that â€Å"had we known what we know nowà ¢â‚¬  about the horrible state the economy would be in, â€Å"we would almost certainly not† have bid to host the games, back in 2005. (Conn, 2008) With budgets overstretched, private money not forthcoming, and ministers under pressure to find savings in a shrinking economy, Londoners might be forgiven for wishing that they were not hosting the Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2012 after all. Rajan, Carbon-neutral flame for green Games, 2008) If the overspending continues to rise societies delicate views may shift on the London Olympics. Everyone is feeling the strain of the economic hardship, with government spending at a high with the Olympics and with the banks in such trouble, people may wonder where there money is really going.Funding Cadburys Much funding has been sourced for the budget for the Olympic games, the budget currently sits at around ? 9. b, its much higher than first stated but private funding is expected to make up a large chunk of this. Cadburys is set to be one of the private sponsors The organising committee for the Games (Locog) said the firm would be a â€Å"Tier Two† partner by adding ? 20m to the ? 410m of private money already secured to finance the event. (Rajan, Cadbury to sponsor London 2012 Olympics, 2008) The lottery One large funder of the Olympics will be the national lottery and this has stirred much controversy. London will profit far more from the Olympics than any other part of Britain.For the next seven years local museums, galleries, theatres and village halls all over the country are threatened with losing the funding they have used so well. Winning the right to hold the Olympics is a triumph, but it must not be paid for at the expense of arts and sports in the rest of the country. (Renton, 2005) Lottery interest has fallen from its original super success; new ways are always being put forward from Camelot to rejuvenate public interest in the scheme. At its heart the lottery donates and awards large sums o f money to charities and clubs.Arts, sports and good causes are a few of many. This lately has seen to be neglected in light of the Olympics and people fear that the allocation of resources to the Olympics through the lottery is too much of an opportunity cost in light of the causes that should arguably be benefiting from it instead. Conclusions London 2012 The Olympic Games being help in London is a great chance for the UK to shine, not only London but the whole country is on show to the world with thousands of tourists, athletes and officials visiting and millions watching on television.This is one way to tackle the economic crisis at hand, publicity and profit can be gained from this event if handled in the right way. Thousands of jobs will be realized with the huge sum of money and contracts offered to businesses, specifically small businesses within the UK with 98 percent of the work going to UK based businesses. This could be exactly what the economy needs right now. East Lond on will undergo a massive revamp and thousands of new accommodation and prestigious living are will be available all sure to boost spirit and prove a success. However the mounting obstacles may prove just too much for the project to overcome.The economic crisis brings with it increasing skepticism from the public and many officials. Budget targets are being exceeded and many are regretting the original bid in light of this new hardship. With the masses on hand watching it seems like London is setting itself up for a bigger fall with the whole world ready to watch, costs may end up having to be cut and the games may not live up to the originally touted legacy leaver as once believed.